Test 4 · ★★ · Natural selection we can watch: moths, finches, germs and…
Count them: 4 elephants walk by, and 2 of them have no tusks. Each elephant with tusks has 2. How many tusks, trunks and tails are there?
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, 4 elephants, 2, elephant, many tusks · What happens: count, walk, have, be · To what, where: them, tusks, 2
This is test 4 · ★★ of lesson 279 «Natural selection we can watch: moths, finches, germs and tuskless elephants» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: Count them: 4 elephants walk by, and 2 of them have no tusks.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Count | count | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 2 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 1 Count | obj |
| 3 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 6 walk | punct |
| 4 | 4 | 4 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 5 elephants | nummod |
| 5 | elephants | elephant | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 walk | nsubj |
| 6 | walk | walk | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 1 Count | parataxis |
| 7 | by | by | ADP | _ | 6 walk | obl |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 have | punct |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 have | cc |
| 10 | 2 | 2 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 13 have | nsubj |
| 11 | of | of | ADP | _ | 12 them | case |
| 12 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 10 2 | nmod |
| 13 | have | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 walk | conj |
| 14 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 15 tusks | det |
| 15 | tusks | tusk | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 have | obj |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 Count | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | count | imperative | you not said here | them = they | vn multiply-108 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme | ||||
| 2 | walk | present | 4 elephants | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 3 | have | present | 2 of elephants | no tusks | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tusk=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: Each elephant with tusks has 2.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Each | each | DET | PronType=Tot | 2 elephant | det |
| 2 | elephant | elephant | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 has | nsubj |
| 3 | with | with | ADP | _ | 4 tusks | case |
| 4 | tusks | tusk | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 elephant | nmod |
| 5 | has | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | 2 | 2 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 5 has | obj |
| 7 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 has | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | present | each elephant with tusks | 2 | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 2=Patient |
Sentence 3: How many tusks, trunks and tails are there?
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | How | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 2 many | advmod |
| 2 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 tusks | amod |
| 3 | tusks | tusk | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 there | nsubj |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 trunks | punct |
| 5 | trunks | trunk | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 tusks | conj |
| 6 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 7 tails | cc |
| 7 | tails | tail | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 tusks | conj |
| 8 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 there | cop |
| 9 | there | there | ADV | PronType=Dem | root | root |
| 10 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 9 there | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | many tusks and trunks and tails | there property | tree rules |
The options
Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer
4 tusks, 4 trunks and 4 tails
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 4 | 4 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 2 tusks | nummod |
| 2 | tusks | tusk | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 trunks | punct |
| 4 | 4 | 4 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 5 trunks | nummod |
| 5 | trunks | trunk | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 tusks | conj |
| 6 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 tails | cc |
| 7 | 4 | 4 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 8 tails | nummod |
| 8 | tails | tail | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 tusks | conj |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Option 2
8 tusks, 4 trunks and 4 tails
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 8 | 8 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 2 tusks | nummod |
| 2 | tusks | tusk | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 trunks | punct |
| 4 | 4 | 4 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 5 trunks | nummod |
| 5 | trunks | trunk | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 tusks | conj |
| 6 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 tails | cc |
| 7 | 4 | 4 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 8 tails | nummod |
| 8 | tails | tail | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 tusks | conj |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Option 3
4 tusks, 2 trunks and 4 tails
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 4 | 4 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 2 tusks | nummod |
| 2 | tusks | tusk | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 trunks | punct |
| 4 | 2 | 2 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 5 trunks | nummod |
| 5 | trunks | trunk | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 tusks | conj |
| 6 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 tails | cc |
| 7 | 4 | 4 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 8 tails | nummod |
| 8 | tails | tail | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 tusks | conj |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Option 4
2 tusks, 4 trunks and 2 tails
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 2 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 2 tusks | nummod |
| 2 | tusks | tusk | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 trunks | punct |
| 4 | 4 | 4 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 5 trunks | nummod |
| 5 | trunks | trunk | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 tusks | conj |
| 6 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 tails | cc |
| 7 | 2 | 2 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 8 tails | nummod |
| 8 | tails | tail | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 tusks | conj |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/279-natural-selection-we-can-watch-moths-finches-germs-and-tuskless-elephants/t4/