Exam question 1 · Evolution myths put right: monkeys, the strongest and miss…

Identify the meaning of the term «fittest» as employed in the expression «survival of the fittest».

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · Who acts: you · What happens: identify, employ, mean · To what, where: meaning, expression, term

This is exam question 1 of lesson 280 «Evolution myths put right: monkeys, the strongest and missing links» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 meaning	det
3	meaning	meaning	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
4	of	of	ADP	_	6 term	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 term	det
6	term	term	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 meaning	nmod
7	«	«	PUNCT	_	8 fittest	punct
8	fittest	fit	ADJ	Degree=Sup	6 term	appos
9	»	»	PUNCT	_	8 fittest	punct
10	as	as	SCONJ	_	11 employed	mark
11	employed	employ	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	1 Identify	advcl
12	in	in	ADP	_	14 expression	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 expression	det
14	expression	expression	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 employed	obl
15	«	«	PUNCT	_	16 survival	punct
16	survival	survival	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 expression	appos
17	of	of	ADP	_	19 fittest	case
18	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	19 fittest	det
19	fittest	fit	ADJ	Degree=Sup	16 survival	nmod
20	»	»	PUNCT	_	16 survival	punct
21	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the meaning of the term		vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent meaning=Theme
2	employ	participle	you not said here		the expression	vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
3	mean			the term		nom meaning «communication transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Possessing the greatest physical strength

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Possessing	possess	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 strength	det
3	greatest	great	ADJ	Degree=Sup	5 strength	amod
4	physical	physical	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 strength	amod
5	strength	strength	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Possessing	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	possess	gerund		the greatest physical strength					vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot strength=Theme

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Best suited to the conditions of the environment

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Best	well	ADV	Degree=Sup	2 suited	advmod
2	suited	suit	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
3	to	to	ADP	_	5 conditions	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 conditions	det
5	conditions	condition	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 suited	obl
6	of	of	ADP	_	8 environment	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 environment	det
8	environment	environment	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 conditions	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	suit	participle						to the conditions of the environment; well property	tree rules
2	condition			the environment					nom condition «state transitive»: of=patient

Option 3

Possessing the greatest body size

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Possessing	possess	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 size	det
3	greatest	great	ADJ	Degree=Sup	5 size	amod
4	body	body	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 size	compound
5	size	size	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Possessing	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	possess	gerund		the greatest body size					vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot size=Theme

Option 4

Possessing the greatest speed

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Possessing	possess	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 speed	det
3	greatest	great	ADJ	Degree=Sup	4 speed	amod
4	speed	speed	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Possessing	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	possess	gerund		the greatest speed					vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot speed=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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