Test 11 · ★★★ · Evolution myths put right: monkeys, the strongest and miss…

«scientists are still missing all the links, it's all gaps» What is right?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · Who acts: scientists, it, gaps · What happens: miss, be · To what, where: links, gaps

This is test 11 · ★★★ of lesson 280 «Evolution myths put right: monkeys, the strongest and missing links» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	5 missing	punct
2	scientists	scientist	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 missing	nsubj
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 missing	aux
4	still	still	ADV	_	5 missing	advmod
5	missing	miss	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
6	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	8 links	det:predet
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 links	det
8	links	link	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 missing	obj
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 gaps	punct
10	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 gaps	nsubj
11	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	13 gaps	cop
12	all	all	ADV	_	13 gaps	advmod
13	gaps	gap	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 missing	obl
14	»	»	PUNCT	_	13 gaps	punct
15	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	17 right	nsubj
16	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	17 right	cop
17	right	right	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 gaps	acl:relcl
18	?	?	PUNCT	_	5 missing	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	miss in a quote	present · progressive	scientists	all links	still		vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer link=Stimulus
2	is a in a quote	present	it	gaps		all property	tree rules
3	is	present	gaps			right property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Every fossil ever found is the same animal

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	2 fossil	det
2	fossil	fossil	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 animal	nsubj
3	ever	ever	ADV	PronType=Ind	4 found	advmod
4	found	find	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 fossil	acl
5	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 animal	cop
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 animal	det
7	same	same	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 animal	amod
8	animal	animal	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	find	participle		every fossil not said here			ever		vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent
2	is a	present	every fossil	the same animal					tree rules

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Thousands of in-between fossils are known, like Tiktaalik and Archaeopteryx

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Thousands	thousand	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 known	nsubj:pass
2	of	of	ADP	_	6 fossils	case
3	in	in	ADP	_	6 fossils	case
4	-	-	PUNCT	_	3 in	punct
5	between	between	ADP	_	6 fossils	case
6	fossils	fossil	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Thousands	nmod
7	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 known	aux:pass
8	known	know	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 Tiktaalik	punct
10	like	like	ADP	_	11 Tiktaalik	case
11	Tiktaalik	Tiktaalik	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 known	obl
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 Archaeopteryx	cc
13	Archaeopteryx	Archaeopteryx	PROPN	Number=Sing	11 Tiktaalik	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	know	present · passive		Thousands of fossils				like Tiktaalik and Archaeopteryx	vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Stimulus

Option 3

No in-between fossils have ever been found, so there really is nothing but gaps

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	DET	PronType=Neg	5 fossils	det
2	in	in	ADP	_	5 fossils	case
3	-	-	PUNCT	_	2 in	punct
4	between	between	ADP	_	5 fossils	case
5	fossils	fossil	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 found	nsubj:pass
6	have	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 found	aux
7	ever	ever	ADV	PronType=Ind	9 found	advmod
8	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	9 found	aux:pass
9	found	find	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 is	punct
11	so	so	ADV	_	14 is	advmod
12	there	there	PRON	PronType=Dem	14 is	expl
13	really	really	ADV	_	14 is	advmod
14	is	be	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 found	parataxis
15	nothing	nothing	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	14 is	nsubj
16	but	but	CCONJ	_	17 gaps	cc
17	gaps	gap	NOUN	Number=Plur	15 nothing	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	find	present · perfect · passive		no fossils			ever		vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic
2	be	present	nothing			there			vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 4

Fossils prove animals never changed

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Fossils	fossil	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 prove	nsubj
2	prove	prove	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 changed	nsubj
4	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	5 changed	advmod
5	changed	change	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 prove	ccomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	prove	present	Fossils						vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
2	not change	past	animals						vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/280-evolution-myths-put-right-monkeys-the-strongest-and-missing-links/t11/