Test 8 · ★★★ · Evolution myths put right: monkeys, the strongest and miss…

«that poster shows a monkey turning into a man in 5 steps, so it's a ladder» What is right?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · Who acts: poster, monkey, ladder · What happens: show, turn, be · To what, where: monkey, ladder

This is test 8 · ★★★ of lesson 280 «Evolution myths put right: monkeys, the strongest and missing links» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	4 shows	punct
2	that	that	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	3 poster	det
3	poster	poster	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 shows	nsubj
4	shows	show	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 monkey	det
6	monkey	monkey	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 shows	obj
7	turning	turn	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	6 monkey	acl
8	into	into	ADP	_	10 man	case
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 man	det
10	man	man	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 turning	obl
11	in	in	ADP	_	13 steps	case
12	5	5	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	13 steps	nummod
13	steps	step	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 turning	obl
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	19 ladder	punct
15	so	so	ADV	_	19 ladder	advmod
16	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	19 ladder	nsubj
17	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	19 ladder	cop
18	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	19 ladder	det
19	ladder	ladder	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 shows	obl
20	»	»	PUNCT	_	19 ladder	punct
21	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	23 right	nsubj
22	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	23 right	cop
23	right	right	ADJ	Degree=Pos	19 ladder	acl:relcl
24	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 shows	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	other	roles by
1	show in a quote	present	that poster		a monkey		vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent monkey=Recipient
2	turn in a quote	gerund	a monkey not said here			into a man; in 5 steps	vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V PP.source PP.trajectory PP.destination»: agent=Theme into man=Source in step=Trajectory
3	is a in a quote	present	poster	a ladder			tree rules
4	is	present	a ladder			right property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Yes, and the man is the top of the ladder

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	8 top	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Yes	punct
3	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 top	cc
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 man	det
5	man	man	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 top	nsubj
6	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 top	cop
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 top	det
8	top	top	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
9	of	of	ADP	_	11 ladder	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 ladder	det
11	ladder	ladder	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 top	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	the man	the top				of the ladder	tree rules

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

The poster is misleading; evolution is a branching bush with many relatives at once

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 poster	det
2	poster	poster	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 misleading	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 misleading	cop
4	misleading	misleading	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	;	;	PUNCT	_	10 bush	punct
6	evolution	evolution	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 bush	nsubj
7	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 bush	cop
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 bush	det
9	branching	branching	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 bush	compound
10	bush	bush	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 misleading	parataxis
11	with	with	ADP	_	13 relatives	case
12	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 relatives	amod
13	relatives	relative	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 bush	nmod
14	at	at	ADP	_	15 once	case
15	once	once	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Mult	4 misleading	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	the poster					misleading property	tree rules
2	is a	present	evolution	a branching bush				with many relatives	tree rules

Option 3

No, the steps go the other way

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	INTJ	Polarity=Neg	5 go	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 No	punct
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 steps	det
4	steps	step	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 go	nsubj
5	go	go	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 way	det
7	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 way	amod
8	way	way	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 go	obl:unmarked

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	go	present	the steps	the other way					vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 4

Yes, each step was one monkey's child, born looking a bit more like a person each time

The tree, 18 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	9 child	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Yes	punct
3	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	4 step	det
4	step	step	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 child	nsubj
5	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	9 child	cop
6	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	7 monkey	nummod
7	monkey	monkey	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 child	nmod:poss
8	's	's	PART	_	7 monkey	case
9	child	child	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 born	punct
11	born	bear	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	9 child	acl
12	looking	look	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	11 born	advcl
13	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 bit	det
14	bit	bit	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 more	obl:unmarked
15	more	more	ADV	Degree=Cmp	12 looking	advmod
16	like	like	ADP	_	18 person	case
17	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	18 person	det
18	person	person	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 looking	obl
19	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	20 time	det
20	time	time	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 looking	obl:unmarked

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	is a	past	each step	one monkey's child			tree rules
2	bear	participle		one monkey's child not said here			vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer
3	look	gerund			time	like a person	vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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