Exam question 4 · Extinct forever: the dodo, the passenger pigeon, the thyla…

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises a Lazarus species?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · What happens: follow, characteris · To what, where: Lazarus species

This is exam question 4 of lesson 281 «Extinct forever: the dodo, the passenger pigeon, the thylacine and more» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 species	det
10	Lazarus	Lazarus	PROPN	Number=Sing	11 species	compound
11	species	species	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
12	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		a Lazarus species				of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

A species confined to religious buildings

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 species	det
2	species	species	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	confined	confine	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 species	acl
4	to	to	ADP	_	6 buildings	case
5	religious	religious	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 buildings	amod
6	buildings	building	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 confined	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	confine	participle		a species not said here		religious buildings			vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent to building=Destination

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

A species formerly believed extinct which is subsequently found to survive

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 species	det
2	species	species	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	formerly	formerly	ADV	_	4 believed	advmod
4	believed	believe	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 species	acl
5	extinct	extinct	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 believed	xcomp
6	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	9 found	nsubj:pass
7	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 found	aux:pass
8	subsequently	subsequently	ADV	_	9 found	advmod
9	found	find	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 species	acl:relcl
10	to	to	PART	_	11 survive	mark
11	survive	survive	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	9 found	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	believe	participle		a species not said here	extinct, formerly property	vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer
2	find	present · passive		a species	subsequently property	vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Attribute clause=Theme
3	survive	to-infinitive	a species not said here			vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 3

A species that has never been recorded

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 species	det
2	species	species	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
3	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	7 recorded	nsubj:pass
4	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 recorded	aux
5	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	7 recorded	advmod
6	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	7 recorded	aux:pass
7	recorded	record	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 species	acl:relcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not record	present · perfect · passive		a species					vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme

Option 4

A species recreated from preserved DNA

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 species	det
2	species	species	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
3	recreated	recreate	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 species	acl
4	from	from	ADP	_	6 DNA	case
5	preserved	preserve	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 DNA	amod
6	DNA	DNA	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 recreated	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	recreate	participle		a species not said here		preserved DNA			vn play-114.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	preserve	participle							vn defend-72.3 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/281-extinct-forever-the-dodo-the-passenger-pigeon-the-thylacine-and-more/e4/