Test 10 · ★ · Wolves in Yellowstone, beavers in Britain and bringing nat…

«they said the wolves changed the rivers, so wolves dig rivers?» What really happened?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: they, wolves · What happens: say, change, dig, happen · To what, where: rivers · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 10 · ★ of lesson 283 «Wolves in Yellowstone, beavers in Britain and bringing nature back» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: «they said the wolves changed the rivers, so wolves dig rivers?»

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	3 said	punct
2	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 said	nsubj
3	said	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 wolves	det
5	wolves	wolf	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 changed	nsubj
6	changed	change	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 said	ccomp
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 rivers	det
8	rivers	river	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 changed	obj
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 dig	punct
10	so	so	ADV	_	12 dig	advmod
11	wolves	wolf	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 dig	nsubj
12	dig	dig	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 said	ccomp
13	rivers	river	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 dig	obj
14	?	?	PUNCT	_	12 dig	punct
15	»	»	PUNCT	_	3 said	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	say speech: ask in a quote	past	they		vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	change in a quote	past	the wolves	the rivers	vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent river=Patient
3	dig in a quote	present	wolves	rivers	vn poke-19-1-1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent river=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What really happened?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 happened	nsubj
2	really	really	ADV	_	3 happened	advmod
3	happened	happen	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 happened	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	happen	past							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Wolves changed how elk moved, which helped trees in some places, and that helped beavers and birds

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Wolves	wolf	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 changed	nsubj
2	changed	change	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	how	how	ADV	PronType=Int	5 moved	advmod
4	elk	elk	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 moved	nsubj
5	moved	move	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 changed	ccomp
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 helped	punct
7	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 helped	nsubj
8	helped	help	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 changed	conj
9	trees	tree	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 helped	obj
10	in	in	ADP	_	12 places	case
11	some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	12 places	det
12	places	place	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 helped	obl
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 helped	punct
14	and	and	CCONJ	_	16 helped	cc
15	that	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	16 helped	nsubj
16	helped	help	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 changed	conj
17	beavers	beaver	NOUN	Number=Plur	16 helped	obj
18	and	and	CCONJ	_	19 birds	cc
19	birds	bird	NOUN	Number=Plur	17 beavers	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	roles by
1	change	past	Wolves				tree rules
2	move	past	elk				vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme
3	help	past		trees		some places	vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tree=Beneficiary
4	help	past	that		beavers and birds		vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent beaver=Beneficiary

Option 2

Wolves drank the rivers dry

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Wolves	wolf	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 drank	nsubj
2	drank	drink	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 rivers	det
4	rivers	river	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 dry	nsubj
5	dry	dry	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 drank	ccomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	drink	past	Wolves						tree rules
2	dry	present	the rivers						vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

Option 3

Wolves dug new rivers with their paws

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Wolves	wolf	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 dug	nsubj
2	dug	dig	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	new	new	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 rivers	amod
4	rivers	river	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 dug	obj
5	with	with	ADP	_	7 paws	case
6	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	7 paws	nmod:poss
7	paws	paw	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 dug	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	dig	past	Wolves	new rivers				with Wolves's paws	vn poke-19-1-1-1 «NP V NP.theme PP.instsrument»: agent=Agent river=Theme with paw=Instrument

Option 4

Wolves carried stones to make dams

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Wolves	wolf	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 carried	nsubj
2	carried	carry	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	stones	stone	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 carried	obj
4	to	to	PART	_	5 make	mark
5	make	make	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 carried	advcl
6	dams	dam	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 make	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	carry	past	Wolves	stones					vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent stone=Theme
2	make	to-infinitive	Wolves not said here	dams					vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset dam=Product

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/283-wolves-in-yellowstone-beavers-in-britain-and-bringing-nature-back/t10/