Test 5 · ★ · Wolves in Yellowstone, beavers in Britain and bringing nat…

What would happen to young willow trees by a river if all the wolves were taken away again?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · What happens: happen, take away · To what, where: wolves

This is test 5 · ★ of lesson 283 «Wolves in Yellowstone, beavers in Britain and bringing nature back» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 happen	nsubj
2	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 happen	aux
3	happen	happen	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	to	to	ADP	_	7 trees	case
5	young	young	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 trees	amod
6	willow	willow	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 trees	compound
7	trees	tree	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 happen	obl
8	by	by	ADP	_	10 river	case
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 river	det
10	river	river	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 happen	obl
11	if	if	SCONJ	_	16 taken	mark
12	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	14 wolves	det:predet
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 wolves	det
14	wolves	wolf	NOUN	Number=Plur	16 taken	nsubj:pass
15	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	16 taken	aux:pass
16	taken	take	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 happen	advcl
17	away	away	ADV	_	16 taken	advmod
18	again	again	ADV	_	16 taken	advmod
19	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 happen	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	happen	would						to young willow trees; by a river	vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme by river=Location
2	take away a condition, not said to happen	past · passive		all wolves			again	away property	vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

The rivers would dry up the very next day and the trees would all die

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 rivers	det
2	rivers	river	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 dry	nsubj
3	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 dry	aux
4	dry	dry	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	up	up	ADP	_	4 dry	compound:prt
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 day	det
7	very	very	ADV	_	8 next	advmod
8	next	next	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 day	amod
9	day	day	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 dry	obl:unmarked
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	15 die	cc
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 trees	det
12	trees	tree	NOUN	Number=Plur	15 die	nsubj
13	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	15 die	aux
14	all	all	ADV	_	15 die	advmod
15	die	die	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 dry	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	dry up	would	the rivers				day		vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
2	die	would	the trees					all property	vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute

Option 2

The trees would grow faster

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 trees	det
2	trees	tree	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 grow	nsubj
3	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 grow	aux
4	grow	grow	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	faster	fast	ADV	Degree=Cmp	4 grow	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	grow	would	the trees					fast property	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

Elk would graze there more and many young trees might be eaten

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Elk	elk	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 graze	nsubj
2	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 graze	aux
3	graze	graze	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	there	there	ADV	PronType=Dem	3 graze	advmod
5	more	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	3 graze	obj
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 eaten	cc
7	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 trees	amod
8	young	young	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 trees	amod
9	trees	tree	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 eaten	nsubj:pass
10	might	might	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	12 eaten	aux
11	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	12 eaten	aux:pass
12	eaten	eat	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 graze	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	graze	would	Elk	more		there			vn touch-20-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent more=Experiencer
2	eat	might · passive		many young trees					vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient

Option 4

The trees would turn into aspens

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 trees	det
2	trees	tree	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 turn	nsubj
3	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 turn	aux
4	turn	turn	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	into	into	ADP	_	6 aspens	case
6	aspens	aspen	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 turn	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	turn	would	the trees			aspens			vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme into aspen=Trajectory

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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