Exam question 4 · Farm animals: milk, eggs, wool and meat

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the wallowing of pigs in mud?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris · To what, where: wallowing

This is exam question 4 of lesson 287 «Farm animals: milk, eggs, wool and meat» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 wallowing	det
10	wallowing	wallowing	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	of	of	ADP	_	12 pigs	case
12	pigs	pig	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 wallowing	nmod
13	in	in	ADP	_	14 mud	case
14	mud	mud	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 pigs	nmod
15	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the wallowing of pigs in mud				of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

It is a form of courtship

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 form	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 form	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 form	det
4	form	form	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	of	of	ADP	_	6 courtship	case
6	courtship	courtship	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 form	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	It	a form				of courtship	tree rules

Option 2

It is evidence of an innate preference for filth

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 evidence	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 evidence	cop
3	evidence	evidence	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	of	of	ADP	_	7 preference	case
5	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 preference	det
6	innate	innate	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 preference	amod
7	preference	preference	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 evidence	nmod
8	for	for	ADP	_	9 filth	case
9	filth	filth	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 preference	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	It	evidence				of a innate preference for filth	tree rules

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

It is a means of cooling, pigs being largely unable to sweat

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 means	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 means	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 means	nsubj
4	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	of	of	ADP	_	6 cooling	case
6	cooling	cooling	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 means	obl
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 pigs	punct
8	pigs	pig	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 cooling	conj
9	being	be	AUX	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	11 unable	cop
10	largely	largely	ADV	_	11 unable	advmod
11	unable	unable	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 pigs	amod
12	to	to	PART	_	13 sweat	mark
13	sweat	sweat	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	11 unable	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	other	roles by
1	is	present	It	of cooling and pigs; mean property	tree rules
2	is	gerund		largely, unable property	tree rules
3	sweat	to-infinitive			vn breathe-40.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 4

It is a method of obtaining food

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 method	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 method	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 method	det
4	method	method	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	of	of	SCONJ	_	6 obtaining	mark
6	obtaining	obtain	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	4 method	acl
7	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 obtaining	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	It	a method					tree rules
2	obtain	gerund	a method not said here	food					vn obtain-13.5.2-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset food=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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