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Test 8 · Crocodiles and alligators

Mate reckons birds and crocodiles aren't related at all. Who's right?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: Mate, birds · What happens: reckon, not be, be · To what, where: all

This is test 8 of lesson 29 «Crocodiles and alligators» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Mate reckons birds and crocodiles aren't related at all.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Mate	mate	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 reckons	nsubj
2	reckons	reckon	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	birds	bird	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 related	nsubj
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	5 crocodiles	cc
5	crocodiles	crocodile	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 birds	conj
6	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 related	cop
7	n't	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	8 related	advmod
8	related	related	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 reckons	ccomp
9	at	at	ADP	_	10 all	case
10	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	8 related	obl
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 reckons	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	reckon	present	Mate						vn consider-29.9-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent
2	not is	present	birds and crocodiles			all		related property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Who's right?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	3 right	nsubj
2	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 right	cop
3	right	right	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 right	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						right property	tree rules

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Crocodiles are birds' closest living relatives

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Crocodiles	crocodile	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 birds	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 birds	cop
3	birds	bird	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
4	'	's	PART	_	3 birds	case
5	closest	close	ADJ	Degree=Sup	7 relatives	amod
6	living	living	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 relatives	amod
7	relatives	relative	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 birds	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Crocodiles					's birds and closest living relatives	tree rules

Option 2

Crocodiles are closest to snakes

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Crocodiles	crocodile	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 closest	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 closest	cop
3	closest	close	ADJ	Degree=Sup	root	root
4	to	to	ADP	_	5 snakes	case
5	snakes	snake	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 closest	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Crocodiles					to snakes; close property	tree rules

Option 3

Birds are closest to frogs

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Birds	bird	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 closest	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 closest	cop
3	closest	close	ADJ	Degree=Sup	root	root
4	to	to	ADP	_	5 frogs	case
5	frogs	frog	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 closest	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Birds					to frogs; close property	tree rules

Option 4

Your mate is right, they're not related in any way

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 mate	nmod:poss
2	mate	mate	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 right	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 right	cop
4	right	right	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 related	punct
6	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 related	nsubj
7	're	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 related	cop
8	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	9 related	advmod
9	related	related	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 right	conj
10	in	in	ADP	_	12 way	case
11	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	12 way	det
12	way	way	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 related	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Your mate					right property	tree rules
2	not is	present	they			any way		related property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/29-crocodiles-and-alligators/t8/