Test 8 · ★ · Insects as food in other countries In a cartoon a lizard catches a fly and burps happily. A boy says only lizards eat bugs. What is right?
Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: lizard, boy, lizards · What happens: catch, burp, say, eat, be · To what, where: fly, cartoon, bugs · Speech: someone speaks here
This is test 8 · ★ of lesson 290 «Insects as food in other countries» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school .
The question Sentence 1: In a cartoon a lizard catches a fly and burps happily.
case det obl det nsubj det obj cc conj advmod punct root In ADP a DET cartoon NOUN a DET lizard NOUN catches VERB a DET fly NOUN and CCONJ burps VERB happily ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 3 cartoon case 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 cartoon det 3 cartoon cartoon NOUN Number=Sing 6 catches obl 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 lizard det 5 lizard lizard NOUN Number=Sing 6 catches nsubj 6 catches catch VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 fly det 8 fly fly NOUN Number=Sing 6 catches obj 9 and and CCONJ _ 10 burps cc 10 burps burp VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 catches conj 11 happily happily ADV _ 10 burps advmod 12 . . PUNCT _ 6 catches punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 catch present a lizard a fly a cartoon vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fly=Theme 2 burp present a lizard not said here happily property vn hiccup-40.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: A boy says only lizards eat bugs.
det nsubj advmod nsubj ccomp obj punct root A DET boy NOUN says VERB only ADV lizards NOUN eat VERB bugs NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 boy det 2 boy boy NOUN Number=Sing 3 says nsubj 3 says say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 only only ADV _ 5 lizards advmod 5 lizards lizard NOUN Number=Plur 6 eat nsubj 6 eat eat VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 says ccomp 7 bugs bug NOUN Number=Plur 6 eat obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 says punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert present a boy vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 eat present lizards bugs vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bug=Patient
Sentence 3: What is right?
nsubj cop punct root What PRON is AUX right ADJ ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 What what PRON PronType=Int 3 right nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 right cop 3 right right ADJ Degree=Pos root root 4 ? ? PUNCT _ 3 right punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present right property tree rules
The options Option 1 Only reptiles can digest insects, because of their special stomachs
advmod nsubj aux obj punct case fixed nmod:poss amod obl root Only ADV reptiles NOUN can AUX digest VERB insects NOUN , PUNCT because ADP of ADP their PRON special ADJ stomachs NOUN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Only only ADV _ 2 reptiles advmod 2 reptiles reptile NOUN Number=Plur 4 digest nsubj 3 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 digest aux 4 digest digest VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 insects insect NOUN Number=Plur 4 digest obj 6 , , PUNCT _ 11 stomachs punct 7 because because ADP ExtPos=ADP 11 stomachs case 8 of of ADP _ 7 because fixed 9 their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 11 stomachs nmod:poss 10 special special ADJ Degree=Pos 11 stomachs amod 11 stomachs stomach NOUN Number=Plur 4 digest obl
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 digest can reptiles insects because reptiles's special stomachs tree rules
Option 2 · ← Mova's choice Only birds and lizards eat insects
advmod nsubj cc conj obj root Only ADV birds NOUN and CCONJ lizards NOUN eat VERB insects NOUN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Only only ADV _ 2 birds advmod 2 birds bird NOUN Number=Plur 5 eat nsubj 3 and and CCONJ _ 4 lizards cc 4 lizards lizard NOUN Number=Plur 2 birds conj 5 eat eat VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 insects insect NOUN Number=Plur 5 eat obj
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 eat present birds and lizards insects vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent insect=Patient
Option 3 · ✓ the right answer Many people eat insects too, in many countries
amod nsubj obj advmod punct case amod obl root Many ADJ people NOUN eat VERB insects NOUN too ADV , PUNCT in ADP many ADJ countries NOUN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Many many ADJ Degree=Pos 2 people amod 2 people people NOUN Number=Plur 3 eat nsubj 3 eat eat VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 insects insect NOUN Number=Plur 3 eat obj 5 too too ADV _ 3 eat advmod 6 , , PUNCT _ 9 countries punct 7 in in ADP _ 9 countries case 8 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 9 countries amod 9 countries country NOUN Number=Plur 3 eat obl
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 eat present Many people insects many countries vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent insect=Patient
Option 4 Insects are poisonous to all mammals
nsubj cop case det obl root Insects NOUN are AUX poisonous ADJ to ADP all DET mammals NOUN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Insects insect NOUN Number=Plur 3 poisonous nsubj 2 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 poisonous cop 3 poisonous poisonous ADJ Degree=Pos root root 4 to to ADP _ 6 mammals case 5 all all DET PronType=Tot 6 mammals det 6 mammals mammal NOUN Number=Plur 3 poisonous obl
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Insects to all mammals; poisonous property tree rules
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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