Exam question 3 · Animal myths put right: elephants and mice, lemmings, ostr…

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the vision of bats?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 4 · right ✓ · What happens: follow, characteris · To what, where: vision

This is exam question 3 of lesson 295 «Animal myths put right: elephants and mice, lemmings, ostriches and goldfish» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 vision	det
10	vision	vision	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	of	of	ADP	_	12 bats	case
12	bats	bat	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 vision	nmod
13	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the vision of bats				of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Bats possess sight exclusively during daylight hours

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Bats	bat	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 possess	nsubj
2	possess	possess	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	sight	sight	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 possess	obj
4	exclusively	exclusively	ADV	_	2 possess	advmod
5	during	during	ADP	_	7 hours	case
6	daylight	daylight	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 hours	compound
7	hours	hour	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 possess	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	possess	present	Bats	sight			hour	exclusively property	vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot sight=Theme

Option 2

Bats are universally devoid of sight and depend upon echolocation alone in all circumstances

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Bats	bat	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 devoid	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 devoid	cop
3	universally	universally	ADV	_	4 devoid	advmod
4	devoid	devoid	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	of	of	ADP	_	6 sight	case
6	sight	sight	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 devoid	obl
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 depend	cc
8	depend	depend	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 devoid	conj
9	upon	upon	ADP	_	10 echolocation	case
10	echolocation	echolocation	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 depend	obl
11	alone	alone	ADV	_	8 depend	advmod
12	in	in	ADP	_	14 circumstances	case
13	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	14 circumstances	det
14	circumstances	circumstance	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 depend	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Bats					of sight; devoid, universally property	tree rules
2	depend	present	Bats not said here			all circumstances		upon echolocation; alone property	vn rely-70 «NP V PP.theme S_ING»: agent=Agent

Option 3

Bats perceive solely by means of smell

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Bats	bat	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 perceive	nsubj
2	perceive	perceive	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	solely	solely	ADV	_	2 perceive	advmod
4	by	by	ADP	_	5 means	case
5	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 perceive	parataxis
6	of	of	ADP	_	7 smell	case
7	smell	smell	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 means	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	perceive	present	Bats					solely property	vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer
2	mean	present						of smell	vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

All bats possess sight, and numerous species additionally employ echolocation

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	All	all	DET	PronType=Tot	2 bats	det
2	bats	bat	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 possess	nsubj
3	possess	possess	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	sight	sight	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 possess	obj
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 employ	punct
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 employ	cc
7	numerous	numerous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 species	amod
8	species	species	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 employ	nsubj
9	additionally	additionally	ADV	_	10 employ	advmod
10	employ	employ	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 possess	conj
11	echolocation	echolocation	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 employ	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	possess	present	all bats	sight					vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot sight=Theme
2	employ	infinitive	numerous species	echolocation				additionally property	vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent echolocation=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/295-animal-myths-put-right-elephants-and-mice-lemmings-ostriches-and-goldfish/e3/