Exam question 3 · Animals in the news: true stories, fakes and how to read t…

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the figure of approximately seventy-three per cent published in the Living Planet Index of 2024?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris, publish, figure · To what, where: figure, three per cent, Planet Index

This is exam question 3 of lesson 296 «Animals in the news: true stories, fakes and how to read them» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 figure	det
10	figure	figure	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	of	of	ADP	_	17 cent	case
12	approximately	approximately	ADV	_	15 three	advmod
13	seventy	seventy	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	15 three	compound
14	-	-	PUNCT	_	13 seventy	punct
15	three	three	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	17 cent	nummod
16	per	per	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 cent	compound
17	cent	cent	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 figure	nmod
18	published	publish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	17 cent	acl
19	in	in	ADP	_	23 Index	case
20	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	23 Index	det
21	Living	Living	PROPN	Number=Sing	22 Planet	compound
22	Planet	Planet	PROPN	Number=Sing	23 Index	compound
23	Index	Index	PROPN	Number=Sing	18 published	obl
24	of	of	ADP	_	25 2024	case
25	2024	2024	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	23 Index	nmod
26	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund				vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present	the figure of three per cent		of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules
3	publish	participle	three per cent not said here	the Planet Index of 2024		vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
4	figure		three per cent			nom figure «communication transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

It denotes the proportion of all wild animals now residing in zoological gardens

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 denotes	nsubj
2	denotes	denote	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 proportion	det
4	proportion	proportion	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 denotes	obj
5	of	of	ADP	_	8 animals	case
6	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	8 animals	det
7	wild	wild	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 animals	amod
8	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 proportion	nmod
9	now	now	ADV	PronType=Dem	10 residing	advmod
10	residing	reside	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 denotes	advcl
11	in	in	ADP	_	13 gardens	case
12	zoological	zoological	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 gardens	amod
13	gardens	garden	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 residing	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	denote	present	It	the proportion of all wild animals					vn indicate-78 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot proportion=Topic
2	reside	gerund				zoological gardens	now		vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in garden=Location

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

It denotes the average decline across monitored wildlife populations since 1970

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 denotes	nsubj
2	denotes	denote	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 decline	det
4	average	average	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 decline	amod
5	decline	decline	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 denotes	obj
6	across	across	ADP	_	9 populations	case
7	monitored	monitor	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	9 populations	amod
8	wildlife	wildlife	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 populations	compound
9	populations	population	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 decline	nmod
10	since	since	ADP	_	11 1970	case
11	1970	1970	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	2 denotes	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	denote	present	It	the average decline		monitored wildlife populations	since 1970		vn indicate-78 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot decline=Topic
2	monitor	participle							vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Option 3

It denotes the proportion of all species rendered extinct since 1970

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 denotes	nsubj
2	denotes	denote	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 proportion	det
4	proportion	proportion	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 rendered	nsubj
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 species	case
6	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	7 species	det
7	species	species	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 proportion	nmod
8	rendered	render	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 denotes	parataxis
9	extinct	extinct	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 rendered	xcomp
10	since	since	ADP	_	11 1970	case
11	1970	1970	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	8 rendered	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	denote	present	It						vn indicate-78 «NP V how S»: agent=Pivot
2	render	past	the proportion of all species				since 1970	extinct property	vn give-13.1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent

Option 4

It denotes the reduction in the body size of animals since 1970

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 denotes	nsubj
2	denotes	denote	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 reduction	det
4	reduction	reduction	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 denotes	obj
5	in	in	ADP	_	8 size	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 size	det
7	body	body	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 size	compound
8	size	size	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 reduction	nmod
9	of	of	ADP	_	10 animals	case
10	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 size	nmod
11	since	since	ADP	_	12 1970	case
12	1970	1970	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	2 denotes	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	denote	present	It	the reduction			since 1970	in the body size of animals	vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot reduction=Theme in size=Attribute

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/296-animals-in-the-news-true-stories-fakes-and-how-to-read-them/e3/