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Test 9 · ★ · The big biology quiz, part 2: plants, the body and microbes

Pine trees keep their needles all winter while oak trees drop their leaves. Why do oaks drop theirs?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 4 · right ✓ · Who acts: Pine trees, oak trees, oaks · What happens: keep, drop · To what, where: needles, leaves

This is test 9 · ★ of lesson 299 «The big biology quiz, part 2: plants, the body and microbes» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Pine trees keep their needles all winter while oak trees drop their leaves.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Pine	pine	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 trees	compound
2	trees	tree	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 keep	nsubj
3	keep	keep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	5 needles	nmod:poss
5	needles	needle	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 keep	obj
6	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	7 winter	det
7	winter	winter	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 keep	obl:unmarked
8	while	while	SCONJ	_	11 drop	mark
9	oak	oak	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 trees	compound
10	trees	tree	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 drop	nsubj
11	drop	drop	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 keep	advcl
12	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	13 leaves	nmod:poss
13	leaves	leaf	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 drop	obj
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 keep	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	keep	present	Pine trees	trees's needles			winter		vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent needle=Theme
2	drop	present	oak trees	trees's leaves					vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leaf=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Why do oaks drop theirs?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	4 drop	advmod
2	do	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 drop	aux
3	oaks	oak	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 drop	nsubj
4	drop	drop	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	theirs	their	PRON	Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	4 drop	obj
6	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 drop	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	drop	present · do-support	oaks	leaves = leaf					vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent their=Theme

The options

Option 1

To keep the birds warm

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 keep	mark
2	keep	keep	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 birds	det
4	birds	bird	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 keep	obj
5	warm	warm	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 keep	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	keep	to-infinitive		the birds				warm property	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bird=Theme

Option 2

Because the wind blows them off by accident every year in the autumn storms

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Because	because	SCONJ	_	4 blows	mark
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 wind	det
3	wind	wind	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 blows	nsubj
4	blows	blow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 blows	obj
6	off	off	ADP	_	4 blows	compound:prt
7	by	by	ADP	_	8 accident	case
8	accident	accident	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 blows	obl
9	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	10 year	det
10	year	year	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 blows	obl:unmarked
11	in	in	ADP	_	14 storms	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 storms	det
13	autumn	autumn	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 storms	compound
14	storms	storm	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 blows	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	blow off	present	the wind	them = they			year	by accident; in the autumn storms	vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient PP.theme»: agent=Agent they=Patient in storm=Topic

Option 3

Because the leaves get bored

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Because	because	SCONJ	_	4 get	mark
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 leaves	det
3	leaves	leaf	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 get	nsubj
4	get	get	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	bored	bored	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 get	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	get	present	the leaves					bored property	vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

To save water through the winter when the ground is frozen

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 save	mark
2	save	save	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 save	obj
4	through	through	ADP	_	6 winter	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 winter	det
6	winter	winter	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 save	obl
7	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	11 frozen	advmod
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 ground	det
9	ground	ground	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 frozen	nsubj:pass
10	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 frozen	aux:pass
11	frozen	freeze	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 save	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	save	to-infinitive		water			winter		vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Theme
2	freeze	present · passive		the ground					vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Result

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/299-the-big-biology-quiz-part-2-plants-the-body-and-microbes/t9/