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Test 3 · ★ · The rainforest from below: understorey and forest floor

A zoo frog of the same kind as a deadly wild poison dart frog has been fed only on fruit flies. Why is it not poisonous?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · Who acts: frog · What happens: feed, not be · To what, where: zoo frog

This is test 3 · ★ of lesson 3 «The rainforest from below: understorey and forest floor» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A zoo frog of the same kind as a deadly wild poison dart frog has been fed only on fruit flies.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 frog	det
2	zoo	zoo	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 frog	compound
3	frog	frog	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 fed	nsubj:pass
4	of	of	ADP	_	7 kind	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 kind	det
6	same	same	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 kind	amod
7	kind	kind	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 frog	nmod
8	as	as	SCONJ	_	17 fed	mark
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 frog	det
10	deadly	deadly	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 frog	amod
11	wild	wild	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 frog	amod
12	poison	poison	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 dart	compound
13	dart	dart	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 frog	compound
14	frog	frog	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 fed	nsubj:pass
15	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	17 fed	aux
16	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	17 fed	aux:pass
17	fed	feed	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
18	only	only	ADV	_	21 flies	advmod
19	on	on	ADP	_	21 flies	case
20	fruit	fruit	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 flies	compound
21	flies	fly	NOUN	Number=Plur	17 fed	obl
22	.	.	PUNCT	_	17 fed	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	feed	present · perfect · passive		a zoo frog of the same kind				on fruit flies	vn feeding-39.7 «NP V NP»: subject=Recipient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Why is it not poisonous?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	5 poisonous	advmod
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 poisonous	cop
3	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 poisonous	nsubj
4	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	5 poisonous	advmod
5	poisonous	poisonous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
6	?	?	PUNCT	_	5 poisonous	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not is	present	frog					poisonous property	tree rules

The options

Option 1

Poison dart frogs are never poisonous at all

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Poison	poison	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 frogs	compound
2	dart	dart	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 frogs	compound
3	frogs	frog	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 poisonous	nsubj
4	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 poisonous	cop
5	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	6 poisonous	advmod
6	poisonous	poisonous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
7	at	at	ADP	_	8 all	case
8	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	6 poisonous	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not is	present	Poison dart frogs			all		poisonous property	tree rules

Option 2

Zoo frogs lose their colour and their poison

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Zoo	zoo	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 frogs	compound
2	frogs	frog	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 lose	nsubj
3	lose	lose	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	5 colour	nmod:poss
5	colour	colour	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 lose	obj
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 poison	cc
7	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	8 poison	nmod:poss
8	poison	poison	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 colour	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	lose	present	Zoo frogs	frogs's colour and frogs's poison					vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent colour=Eventuality

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

It does not get the ants and mites that its poison comes from

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 get	nsubj
2	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 get	aux
3	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	4 get	advmod
4	get	get	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 ants	det
6	ants	ant	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 get	obj
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 mites	cc
8	mites	mite	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 ants	conj
9	that	that	SCONJ	_	12 comes	mark
10	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	11 poison	nmod:poss
11	poison	poison	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 comes	nsubj
12	comes	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 get	advcl
13	from	from	ADP	_	12 comes	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not get	present · do-support	It	the ants and mites					vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer ant=Stimulus
2	come	present	its poison						vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 4

The keepers wash the poison off its skin each morning with warm water

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 keepers	det
2	keepers	keeper	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 wash	nsubj
3	wash	wash	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 poison	det
5	poison	poison	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 wash	obj
6	off	off	ADP	_	8 skin	case
7	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	8 skin	nmod:poss
8	skin	skin	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 wash	obl
9	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	10 morning	det
10	morning	morning	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 wash	obl:unmarked
11	with	with	ADP	_	13 water	case
12	warm	warm	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 water	amod
13	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 wash	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	wash	present	the keepers	the poison			morning	off poison's skin; with warm water	vn floss-41.2.1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent poison=Patient with water=Instrument

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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