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Test 7 · Parrots of the world: macaws, cockatoos, African greys, lo…

A friend says the bin-opening trick spread because each cockatoo was born knowing it. What is more likely?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: friend, opening trick · What happens: say, open, spread, bear, know, be · To what, where: cockatoo · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 7 of lesson 303 «Parrots of the world: macaws, cockatoos, African greys, lorikeets and the cheeky kea» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A friend says the bin-opening trick spread because each cockatoo was born knowing it.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 friend	det
2	friend	friend	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 says	nsubj
3	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 trick	det
5	bin	bin	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 opening	compound
6	-	-	PUNCT	_	5 bin	punct
7	opening	open	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 trick	amod
8	trick	trick	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 spread	nsubj
9	spread	spread	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 says	ccomp
10	because	because	SCONJ	_	14 born	mark
11	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	12 cockatoo	det
12	cockatoo	cockatoo	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 born	nsubj:pass
13	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	14 born	aux:pass
14	born	bear	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	9 spread	advcl
15	knowing	know	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	14 born	xcomp
16	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	15 knowing	obj
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	a friend						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	open	gerund							vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	spread	present	the opening trick						vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
4	bear	past · passive		each cockatoo					tree rules
5	know	gerund		cockatoo					vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What is more likely?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	4 likely	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 likely	cop
3	more	more	ADV	Degree=Cmp	4 likely	advmod
4	likely	likely	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 likely	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						likely property	tree rules

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Only one cockatoo opened all the bins

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Only	only	ADV	_	2 one	advmod
2	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	3 cockatoo	nummod
3	cockatoo	cockatoo	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 opened	nsubj
4	opened	open	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	7 bins	det:predet
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 bins	det
7	bins	bin	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 opened	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	open	past	one cockatoo	all bins					vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location bin=Theme

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

Birds learned it by watching others

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Birds	bird	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 learned	nsubj
2	learned	learn	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 learned	obj
4	by	by	SCONJ	_	5 watching	mark
5	watching	watch	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 learned	advcl
6	others	other	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 watching	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	learn	past	Birds	it					vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Topic
2	watch	gerund	Birds not said here	others					vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent other=Theme

Option 3

The bins were made for cockatoos

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 bins	det
2	bins	bin	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 made	nsubj:pass
3	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 made	aux:pass
4	made	make	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	for	for	ADP	_	6 cockatoos	case
6	cockatoos	cockatoo	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 made	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	past · passive		the bins				for cockatoos	vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP P.asset»: subject=Product for cockatoo=Asset

Option 4

They all read the same book

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 read	nsubj
2	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	1 They	det
3	read	read	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 book	det
5	same	same	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 book	amod
6	book	book	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 read	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	read	past	They	the same book					vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent book=Topic

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/303-parrots-of-the-world-macaws-cockatoos-african-greys-lorikeets-and-the-cheeky-kea/t7/