Exam question 4 · Frogs of the world: tree frogs, glass frogs, flying frogs…
Ascertain the location in which the male Darwin's frog rears his offspring.
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, male frog · What happens: ascertain, rear · To what, where: location, offspring
This is exam question 4 of lesson 308 «Frogs of the world: tree frogs, glass frogs, flying frogs and the goliath frog» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ascertain | ascertain | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 location | det |
| 3 | location | location | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Ascertain | obj |
| 4 | in | in | ADP | _ | 5 which | case |
| 5 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 11 rears | obl |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 frog | det |
| 7 | male | male | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 frog | amod |
| 8 | Darwin | Darwin | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 frog | nmod:poss |
| 9 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 8 Darwin | case |
| 10 | frog | frog | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 rears | nsubj |
| 11 | rears | rear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 location | acl:relcl |
| 12 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 13 offspring | nmod:poss |
| 13 | offspring | offspring | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 rears | obj |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 Ascertain | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ascertain | imperative | you not said here | the location | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent location=Topic | ||||
| 2 | rear | present | Darwin's male frog | frog's offspring | the location | vn rear-26.2.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent offspring=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The options
Option 1 · ← Mova's choice
Within a nest of leaves above a stream
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Within | within | ADP | _ | 3 nest | case |
| 2 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 nest | det |
| 3 | nest | nest | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 4 | of | of | ADP | _ | 5 leaves | case |
| 5 | leaves | leaf | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 nest | nmod |
| 6 | above | above | ADP | _ | 8 stream | case |
| 7 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 stream | det |
| 8 | stream | stream | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 leaves | nmod |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Option 2
Upon his back in a pouch of skin
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Upon | upon | ADP | _ | 3 back | case |
| 2 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 3 back | nmod:poss |
| 3 | back | back | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 4 | in | in | ADP | _ | 6 pouch | case |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 pouch | det |
| 6 | pouch | pouch | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 back | nmod |
| 7 | of | of | ADP | _ | 8 skin | case |
| 8 | skin | skin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 pouch | nmod |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Option 3 · ✓ the right answer
Within his vocal sac until they emerge as froglets
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Within | within | ADP | _ | 4 sac | case |
| 2 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 4 sac | nmod:poss |
| 3 | vocal | vocal | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 sac | amod |
| 4 | sac | sac | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 5 | until | until | SCONJ | _ | 7 emerge | mark |
| 6 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 emerge | nsubj |
| 7 | emerge | emerge | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 sac | advcl |
| 8 | as | as | ADP | _ | 9 froglets | case |
| 9 | froglets | froglet | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 emerge | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | emerge | present | they | as froglets | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
Option 4
Within his stomach until they are fully grown frogs
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Within | within | ADP | _ | 3 stomach | case |
| 2 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 3 stomach | nmod:poss |
| 3 | stomach | stomach | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 grown | obl |
| 4 | until | until | SCONJ | _ | 8 grown | mark |
| 5 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 8 grown | nsubj |
| 6 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 grown | aux:pass |
| 7 | fully | fully | ADV | _ | 8 grown | advmod |
| 8 | grown | grow | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 9 frogs | amod |
| 9 | frogs | frog | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | grow | present · passive | they | within his stomach; fully property | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/308-frogs-of-the-world-tree-frogs-glass-frogs-flying-frogs-and-the-goliath-frog/e4/