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Exam question 4 · Frogs of the world: tree frogs, glass frogs, flying frogs…

Ascertain the location in which the male Darwin's frog rears his offspring.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, male frog · What happens: ascertain, rear · To what, where: location, offspring

This is exam question 4 of lesson 308 «Frogs of the world: tree frogs, glass frogs, flying frogs and the goliath frog» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

detobjcaseobldetamodnmod:posscasensubjacl:relclnmod:possobjpunctrootAscertainVERBtheDETlocationNOUNinADPwhichPRONtheDETmaleADJDarwinPROPN'sPARTfrogNOUNrearsVERBhisPRONoffspringNOUN.PUNCT
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
#wordlemmaUPOSfeaturesheadrelation
1AscertainascertainVERBMood=Imp VerbForm=Finrootroot
2thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art3 locationdet
3locationlocationNOUNNumber=Sing1 Ascertainobj
4ininADP_5 whichcase
5whichwhichPRONPronType=Rel11 rearsobl
6thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art10 frogdet
7malemaleADJDegree=Pos10 frogamod
8DarwinDarwinPROPNNumber=Sing10 frognmod:poss
9's'sPART_8 Darwincase
10frogfrogNOUNNumber=Sing11 rearsnsubj
11rearsrearVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin3 locationacl:relcl
12hishisPRONCase=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs13 offspringnmod:poss
13offspringoffspringNOUNNumber=Sing11 rearsobj
14..PUNCT_1 Ascertainpunct
#verbtense, moodwhowhat, whomto whomwherewhenotherroles by
1ascertainimperativeyou not said herethe locationvn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent location=Topic
2rearpresentDarwin's male frogfrog's offspringthe locationvn rear-26.2.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent offspring=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Within a nest of leaves above a stream

casedetcasenmodcasedetnmodrootWithinADPaDETnestNOUNofADPleavesNOUNaboveADPaDETstreamNOUN
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
#wordlemmaUPOSfeaturesheadrelation
1WithinwithinADP_3 nestcase
2aaDETDefinite=Ind PronType=Art3 nestdet
3nestnestNOUNNumber=Singrootroot
4ofofADP_5 leavescase
5leavesleafNOUNNumber=Plur3 nestnmod
6aboveaboveADP_8 streamcase
7aaDETDefinite=Ind PronType=Art8 streamdet
8streamstreamNOUNNumber=Sing5 leavesnmod

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 2

Upon his back in a pouch of skin

casenmod:posscasedetnmodcasenmodrootUponADPhisPRONbackNOUNinADPaDETpouchNOUNofADPskinNOUN
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
#wordlemmaUPOSfeaturesheadrelation
1UponuponADP_3 backcase
2hishisPRONCase=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs3 backnmod:poss
3backbackNOUNNumber=Singrootroot
4ininADP_6 pouchcase
5aaDETDefinite=Ind PronType=Art6 pouchdet
6pouchpouchNOUNNumber=Sing3 backnmod
7ofofADP_8 skincase
8skinskinNOUNNumber=Sing6 pouchnmod

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

Within his vocal sac until they emerge as froglets

casenmod:possamodmarknsubjadvclcaseoblrootWithinADPhisPRONvocalADJsacNOUNuntilSCONJtheyPRONemergeVERBasADPfrogletsNOUN
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
#wordlemmaUPOSfeaturesheadrelation
1WithinwithinADP_4 saccase
2hishisPRONCase=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs4 sacnmod:poss
3vocalvocalADJDegree=Pos4 sacamod
4sacsacNOUNNumber=Singrootroot
5untiluntilSCONJ_7 emergemark
6theytheyPRONCase=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs7 emergensubj
7emergeemergeVERBMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin4 sacadvcl
8asasADP_9 frogletscase
9frogletsfrogletNOUNNumber=Plur7 emergeobl
#verbtense, moodwhowhat, whomto whomwherewhenotherroles by
1emergepresenttheyas frogletsvn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 4

Within his stomach until they are fully grown frogs

casenmod:possoblmarknsubjaux:passadvmodamodrootWithinADPhisPRONstomachNOUNuntilSCONJtheyPRONareAUXfullyADVgrownVERBfrogsNOUN
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
#wordlemmaUPOSfeaturesheadrelation
1WithinwithinADP_3 stomachcase
2hishisPRONCase=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs3 stomachnmod:poss
3stomachstomachNOUNNumber=Sing8 grownobl
4untiluntilSCONJ_8 grownmark
5theytheyPRONCase=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs8 grownnsubj
6arebeAUXMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin8 grownaux:pass
7fullyfullyADV_8 grownadvmod
8growngrowVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass9 frogsamod
9frogsfrogNOUNNumber=Plurrootroot
#verbtense, moodwhowhat, whomto whomwherewhenotherroles by
1growpresent · passivetheywithin his stomach; fully propertyvn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/308-frogs-of-the-world-tree-frogs-glass-frogs-flying-frogs-and-the-goliath-frog/e4/