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Test 8 · Frogs of the world: tree frogs, glass frogs, flying frogs…

You look under a leaf over a stream in Costa Rica and see a little frog sitting by some eggs. Who is it likely to be?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: You, little frog · What happens: look, see, sit, be · To what, where: little frog

This is test 8 of lesson 308 «Frogs of the world: tree frogs, glass frogs, flying frogs and the goliath frog» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: You look under a leaf over a stream in Costa Rica and see a little frog sitting by some eggs.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	You	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	2 look	nsubj
2	look	look	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	under	under	ADP	_	5 leaf	case
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 leaf	det
5	leaf	leaf	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 look	obl
6	over	over	ADP	_	8 stream	case
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 stream	det
8	stream	stream	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 look	obl
9	in	in	ADP	_	10 Costa	case
10	Costa	Costa	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 stream	nmod
11	Rica	Rica	PROPN	Number=Sing	10 Costa	flat
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 see	cc
13	see	see	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 look	conj
14	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	16 frog	det
15	little	little	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 frog	amod
16	frog	frog	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 see	obj
17	sitting	sit	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	16 frog	acl
18	by	by	ADP	_	20 eggs	case
19	some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	20 eggs	det
20	eggs	egg	NOUN	Number=Plur	17 sitting	obl
21	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 look	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	look	present	You					over a stream in Costa; under a leaf	vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent under leaf=Theme
2	see	present	You not said here	a little frog					vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer frog=Stimulus
3	sit	gerund	a little frog not said here					by some eggs	vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent by egg=Location

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Who is it likely to be?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	4 likely	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 likely	cop
3	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 likely	nsubj
4	likely	likely	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	to	to	PART	_	6 be	mark
6	be	be	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 likely	xcomp
7	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 likely	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						likely property	tree rules
2	be	to-infinitive							vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

A glass frog father guarding his eggs

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 father	det
2	glass	glass	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 father	compound
3	frog	frog	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 father	compound
4	father	father	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	guarding	guard	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	4 father	acl
6	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	7 eggs	nmod:poss
7	eggs	egg	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 guarding	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	guard	gerund	a glass frog father not said here	his eggs					vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent egg=Beneficiary

Option 2

A lost tadpole that has just grown legs

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 tadpole	det
2	lost	lose	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 tadpole	amod
3	tadpole	tadpole	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 legs	compound
4	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	7 grown	nsubj
5	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 grown	aux
6	just	just	ADV	_	7 grown	advmod
7	grown	grow	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	3 tadpole	acl:relcl
8	legs	leg	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	lose	participle							vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	grow	present · perfect	a lost tadpole						vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 3

A mother frog laying her very first egg

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 frog	det
2	mother	mother	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 frog	compound
3	frog	frog	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	laying	lay	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	3 frog	acl
5	her	her	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	8 egg	nmod:poss
6	very	very	ADV	_	7 first	advmod
7	first	first	ADJ	Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	8 egg	amod
8	egg	egg	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 laying	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	lay	gerund	a mother frog not said here	frog's first egg					vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent egg=Result

Option 4

A hungry frog eating the eggs one by one

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 frog	det
2	hungry	hungry	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 frog	amod
3	frog	frog	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	eating	eat	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	3 frog	acl
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 eggs	det
6	eggs	egg	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 eating	obj
7	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	4 eating	obj
8	by	by	ADP	_	9 one	case
9	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	7 one	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	eat	gerund	a hungry frog not said here	the eggs					tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/308-frogs-of-the-world-tree-frogs-glass-frogs-flying-frogs-and-the-goliath-frog/t8/