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Test 1 · Turtles and tortoises

In a cartoon a turtle unzips its shell and walks out in shorts. What is wrong?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: turtle · What happens: unzip, walk out, be · To what, where: shell, cartoon, shorts

This is test 1 of lesson 31 «Turtles and tortoises» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: In a cartoon a turtle unzips its shell and walks out in shorts.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	3 cartoon	case
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 cartoon	det
3	cartoon	cartoon	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 unzips	obl
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 turtle	det
5	turtle	turtle	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 unzips	nsubj
6	unzips	unzip	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	8 shell	nmod:poss
8	shell	shell	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 unzips	obj
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 walks	cc
10	walks	walk	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 unzips	conj
11	out	out	ADP	_	10 walks	compound:prt
12	in	in	ADP	_	13 shorts	case
13	shorts	short	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 walks	obl
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 unzips	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	unzip	present	a turtle	turtle's shell		a cartoon			vn disassemble-23.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shell=Patient
2	walk out	present	a turtle not said here			shorts			vn resign-10.11 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What is wrong?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 wrong	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 wrong	cop
3	wrong	wrong	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 wrong	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						wrong property	tree rules

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Turtles only take shells off in water

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Turtles	turtle	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 take	nsubj
2	only	only	ADV	_	3 take	advmod
3	take	take	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	shells	shell	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 take	obj
5	off	off	ADP	_	3 take	compound:prt
6	in	in	ADP	_	7 water	case
7	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 take	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	take off	present	Turtles	shells		water			vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shell=Theme

Option 2

Only old turtles can take off their shells

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Only	only	ADV	_	3 turtles	advmod
2	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 turtles	amod
3	turtles	turtle	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 take	nsubj
4	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	5 take	aux
5	take	take	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
6	off	off	ADP	_	5 take	compound:prt
7	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	8 shells	nmod:poss
8	shells	shell	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 take	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	take off	can	old turtles	turtles's shells					vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shell=Theme

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

A real turtle's shell is its ribs and spine, so it can never come out

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 turtle	det
2	real	real	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 turtle	amod
3	turtle	turtle	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 shell	nmod:poss
4	's	's	PART	_	3 turtle	case
5	shell	shell	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 ribs	nsubj
6	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 ribs	cop
7	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	8 ribs	nmod:poss
8	ribs	rib	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 spine	cc
10	spine	spine	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 ribs	conj
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 come	punct
12	so	so	ADV	_	16 come	advmod
13	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	16 come	nsubj
14	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	16 come	aux
15	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	16 come	advmod
16	come	come	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	8 ribs	parataxis
17	out	out	ADV	_	16 come	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	a real turtle's shell	shell's ribs and spine					tree rules
2	not come out	can	shell					out property	vn become-109.1 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Patient

Option 4

Nothing, real turtles take off their shells to sleep at night

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Nothing	nothing	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	5 take	obl
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Nothing	punct
3	real	real	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 turtles	amod
4	turtles	turtle	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 take	nsubj
5	take	take	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	off	off	ADP	_	5 take	compound:prt
7	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	8 shells	nmod:poss
8	shells	shell	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 take	obj
9	to	to	PART	_	10 sleep	mark
10	sleep	sleep	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 take	advcl
11	at	at	ADP	_	12 night	case
12	night	night	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 sleep	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	take off	present	real turtles	Nothing					vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shell=Theme
2	sleep	to-infinitive	real turtles not said here				night		vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/31-turtles-and-tortoises/t1/