Test 12 · Turtles and tortoises

Why does a tortoise need such thick, pillar-like legs?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: tortoise · What happens: need · To what, where: such thick like legs

This is test 12 of lesson 31 «Turtles and tortoises» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	5 need	advmod
2	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 need	aux
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 tortoise	det
4	tortoise	tortoise	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 need	nsubj
5	need	need	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	such	such	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 legs	amod
7	thick	thick	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 legs	amod
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 thick	punct
9	pillar	pillar	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 like	compound
10	-	-	PUNCT	_	9 pillar	punct
11	like	like	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 legs	amod
12	legs	leg	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 need	obj
13	?	?	PUNCT	_	5 need	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	need	present · do-support	a tortoise	such thick like legs					vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot leg=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

To dig deep tunnels under the sea

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 dig	mark
2	dig	dig	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	deep	deep	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 tunnels	amod
4	tunnels	tunnel	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 dig	obj
5	under	under	ADP	_	7 sea	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 sea	det
7	sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 dig	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	dig	to-infinitive		deep tunnels		the sea			vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent tunnel=Theme under sea=Location

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

To hold up a heavy body on dry ground

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 hold	mark
2	hold	hold	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	up	up	ADP	_	2 hold	compound:prt
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 body	det
5	heavy	heavy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 body	amod
6	body	body	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 hold	obj
7	on	on	ADP	_	9 ground	case
8	dry	dry	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 ground	amod
9	ground	ground	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 hold	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hold up	to-infinitive		a heavy body		dry ground			vn support-15.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot body=Theme

Option 3

To jump over predators

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 jump	mark
2	jump	jump	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	over	over	ADP	_	4 predators	case
4	predators	predator	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 jump	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	jump	to-infinitive				predators			vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over predator=Trajectory

Option 4

To swim fast like a seal

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 swim	mark
2	swim	swim	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	fast	fast	ADV	Degree=Pos	2 swim	advmod
4	like	like	ADP	_	6 seal	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 seal	det
6	seal	seal	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 swim	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	swim	to-infinitive						like a seal; fast property	vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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