Test 8 · Turtles and tortoises

Why don't painted turtles drown during months under the ice of a pond?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · Who acts: painted turtles · What happens: not paint, drown · To what, where: ice

This is test 8 of lesson 31 «Turtles and tortoises» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	4 painted	advmod
2	do	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 painted	aux
3	n't	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	4 painted	advmod
4	painted	paint	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 turtles	amod
5	turtles	turtle	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 drown	nsubj
6	drown	drown	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	during	during	ADP	_	8 months	case
8	months	month	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 drown	obl
9	under	under	ADP	_	11 ice	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 ice	det
11	ice	ice	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 drown	obl
12	of	of	ADP	_	14 pond	case
13	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 pond	det
14	pond	pond	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 ice	nmod
15	?	?	PUNCT	_	6 drown	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not paint	present · do-support							vn image_impression-25.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	drown	present	painted turtles			the ice of a pond	month		vn poison-42.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

They come up every night through holes that they break in the ice

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 come	nsubj
2	come	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	up	up	ADV	_	2 come	advmod
4	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	5 night	det
5	night	night	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 come	obl:unmarked
6	through	through	ADP	_	7 holes	case
7	holes	hole	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 come	obl
8	that	that	SCONJ	_	10 break	mark
9	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 break	nsubj
10	break	break	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 come	advcl
11	in	in	ADP	_	13 ice	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 ice	det
13	ice	ice	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 break	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	come up	present	They			holes	night		vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme through hole=Initial_Location
2	break	present	holes = hole			the ice			vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in ice=Location

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Cold slows their bodies so they need almost no oxygen

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Cold	cold	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 slows	nsubj
2	slows	slow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	4 bodies	nmod:poss
4	bodies	body	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 slows	obj
5	so	so	ADV	_	7 need	advmod
6	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 need	nsubj
7	need	need	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 slows	advcl
8	almost	almost	ADV	_	10 oxygen	advmod
9	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	10 oxygen	det
10	oxygen	oxygen	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 need	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	slow	present	Cold	their bodies					vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent body=Patient
2	need	present	bodies = body	no oxygen					vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot oxygen=Theme

Option 3

They have lungs as big as a whale's

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 have	nsubj
2	have	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	lungs	lung	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 have	obj
4	as	as	ADV	_	5 big	advmod
5	big	big	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 have	xcomp
6	as	as	ADP	_	8 whale	case
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 whale	det
8	whale	whale	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 big	obl
9	's	's	PART	_	8 whale	case

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	present	They	lungs				big property	vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lung=Patient

Option 4

They sleep inside a bubble of air

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 sleep	nsubj
2	sleep	sleep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	inside	inside	ADP	_	5 bubble	case
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 bubble	det
5	bubble	bubble	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 sleep	obl
6	of	of	ADP	_	7 air	case
7	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 bubble	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	sleep	present	They			a bubble of air			vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/31-turtles-and-tortoises/t8/