Test 11 · ★★★ · Sharks by kind: great white, tiger, bull and hammerhead

Why might young tiger sharks need stripes more than big old ones?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: young tiger sharks · What happens: need · To what, where: stripes

This is test 11 · ★★★ of lesson 310 «Sharks by kind: great white, tiger, bull and hammerhead» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	6 need	advmod
2	might	might	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	5 sharks	aux
3	young	young	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 sharks	amod
4	tiger	tiger	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 sharks	compound
5	sharks	shark	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 need	nsubj
6	need	need	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	stripes	stripe	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 need	obj
8	more	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	6 need	obj
9	than	than	ADP	_	12 ones	case
10	big	big	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 ones	amod
11	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 ones	amod
12	ones	one	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 more	obl
13	?	?	PUNCT	_	6 need	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	need	present	young tiger sharks	stripes					tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Stripes make them swim slower

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Stripes	stripe	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 make	nsubj
2	make	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 make	obj
4	swim	swim	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 make	xcomp
5	slower	slow	ADV	Degree=Cmp	4 swim	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	present	Stripes	them = they					tree rules
2	swim	infinitive	them = they not said here					slow property	vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

Small sharks have more enemies, and stripes may help them hide

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 sharks	amod
2	sharks	shark	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 have	nsubj
3	have	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	more	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	5 enemies	amod
5	enemies	enemy	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 have	obj
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 help	punct
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 help	cc
8	stripes	stripe	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 help	nsubj
9	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	10 help	aux
10	help	help	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 have	parataxis
11	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 help	obj
12	hide	hide	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	10 help	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	have	present	Small sharks	more enemies	vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent enemy=Patient
2	help	may	stripes	enemies = enemy	vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent they=Beneficiary clause=Theme
3	hide	infinitive	enemies = enemy not said here		vn concealment-16-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice

Old sharks hate stripes and bite any young shark that has them

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 sharks	amod
2	sharks	shark	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 hate	nsubj
3	hate	hate	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	stripes	stripe	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 hate	obj
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	6 bite	cc
6	bite	bite	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 hate	conj
7	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	9 shark	det
8	young	young	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 shark	amod
9	shark	shark	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 bite	obj
10	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	11 has	nsubj
11	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 shark	acl:relcl
12	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 has	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	hate	present	Old sharks	stripes	vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer stripe=Stimulus
2	bite	present	Old sharks not said here	any young shark	vn swat-18.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shark=Patient
3	have	present	any young shark	sharks = shark	vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient

Option 4

Stripes keep the water warm

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Stripes	stripe	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 keep	nsubj
2	keep	keep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 water	det
4	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 keep	obj
5	warm	warm	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 keep	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	keep	present	Stripes	the water				warm property	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/310-sharks-by-kind-great-white-tiger-bull-and-hammerhead/t11/