Test 7 · ★ · Sharks by kind, small and strange: walking sharks, wobbego…

In a cartoon every shark is a huge grey monster with a fin sticking out of the water. What is the truth?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: shark, fin, truth · What happens: be, stick out · To what, where: huge grey monster, cartoon, water

This is test 7 · ★ of lesson 311 «Sharks by kind, small and strange: walking sharks, wobbegongs, cookiecutters and goblin sharks» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: In a cartoon every shark is a huge grey monster with a fin sticking out of the water.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	3 cartoon	case
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 cartoon	det
3	cartoon	cartoon	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 monster	obl
4	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	5 shark	det
5	shark	shark	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 monster	nsubj
6	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 monster	cop
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 monster	det
8	huge	huge	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 monster	amod
9	grey	grey	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 monster	amod
10	monster	monster	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
11	with	with	ADP	_	13 fin	case
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 fin	det
13	fin	fin	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 monster	nmod
14	sticking	stick	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	13 fin	acl
15	out	out	ADP	_	18 water	case
16	of	of	ADP	_	18 water	case
17	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	18 water	det
18	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 sticking	obl
19	.	.	PUNCT	_	10 monster	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	every shark	a huge grey monster		a cartoon		with a fin	tree rules
2	stick out	gerund	a fin not said here	the water					vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent water=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What is the truth?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	root	root
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 What	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 truth	det
4	truth	truth	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 What	nsubj
5	?	?	PUNCT	_	1 What	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	the truth						tree rules

The options

Option 1

Sharks are always grey, never patterned

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Sharks	shark	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 grey	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 grey	cop
3	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	4 grey	advmod
4	grey	grey	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 patterned	punct
6	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	7 patterned	advmod
7	patterned	pattern	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 grey	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Sharks					always, grey property	tree rules
2	not pattern	participle	Sharks not said here						tree rules

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

Many sharks are small, flat, glowing or strange; some are shorter than your arm

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 sharks	amod
2	sharks	shark	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 small	nsubj
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 small	cop
4	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 flat	punct
6	flat	flat	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 small	conj
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 glowing	punct
8	glowing	glow	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	4 small	advcl
9	or	or	CCONJ	_	10 strange	cc
10	strange	strange	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 small	conj
11	;	;	PUNCT	_	14 shorter	punct
12	some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	14 shorter	nsubj
13	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	14 shorter	cop
14	shorter	short	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	4 small	parataxis
15	than	than	ADP	_	17 arm	case
16	your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	17 arm	nmod:poss
17	arm	arm	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 shorter	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	other	roles by
1	is	present	Many sharks	small property	tree rules
2	be		Many sharks not said here		tree rules
3	glow	gerund	Many sharks not said here		vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
4	be		Many sharks not said here		tree rules
5	is	present	some	than your arm; short property	tree rules

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice

Only great white sharks are real sharks, and the others are just big fish

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Only	only	ADV	_	7 sharks	advmod
2	great	great	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 sharks	amod
3	white	white	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 sharks	amod
4	sharks	shark	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 sharks	nsubj
5	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 sharks	cop
6	real	real	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 sharks	amod
7	sharks	shark	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 fish	punct
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	15 fish	cc
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 others	det
11	others	other	NOUN	Number=Plur	15 fish	nsubj
12	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	15 fish	cop
13	just	just	ADV	_	15 fish	advmod
14	big	big	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 fish	amod
15	fish	fish	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 sharks	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	great white sharks	real sharks and big fish					tree rules
2	is a	present	the others	big fish					tree rules

Option 4

All sharks are at least 5 metres long

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	All	all	DET	PronType=Tot	2 sharks	det
2	sharks	shark	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 long	nsubj
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 long	cop
4	at	at	ADP	_	5 least	case
5	least	least	ADJ	Degree=Sup	6 5	nmod
6	5	5	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	7 metres	nummod
7	metres	metre	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 long	obl:unmarked
8	long	long	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	all sharks					5 metres obl:unmarked; long property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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