Test 11 · Rodents of every kind: squirrels, marmots, prairie dogs, p…

Why might two groups of porcupines far apart both have quills, if they are only distant relatives?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: two groups, groups · What happens: have, be · To what, where: quills, distant relatives

This is test 11 of lesson 317 «Rodents of every kind: squirrels, marmots, prairie dogs, porcupines, chinchillas and dormice» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	10 have	advmod
2	might	might	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 groups	aux
3	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	4 groups	nummod
4	groups	group	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 have	nsubj
5	of	of	ADP	_	6 porcupines	case
6	porcupines	porcupine	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 groups	nmod
7	far	far	ADV	Degree=Pos	8 apart	advmod
8	apart	apart	ADV	_	10 have	advmod
9	both	both	DET	PronType=Tot	10 have	nsubj
10	have	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
11	quills	quill	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 have	obj
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 relatives	punct
13	if	if	SCONJ	_	18 relatives	mark
14	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	18 relatives	nsubj
15	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	18 relatives	cop
16	only	only	ADV	_	18 relatives	advmod
17	distant	distant	ADJ	Degree=Pos	18 relatives	amod
18	relatives	relative	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 have	conj
19	?	?	PUNCT	_	10 have	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	present	two groups of porcupines	quills				apart property	vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent quill=Patient
2	is a a condition, not said to happen	present	groups = group	distant relatives					tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Quills helped both stay safe, so both grew them separately, many scientists think

The tree, 13 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Quills	quill	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 helped	nsubj
2	helped	help	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	both	both	DET	PronType=Tot	4 stay	nsubj
4	stay	stay	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 helped	xcomp
5	safe	safe	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 stay	xcomp
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 grew	punct
7	so	so	ADV	_	9 grew	advmod
8	both	both	DET	PronType=Tot	9 grew	nsubj
9	grew	grow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 helped	conj
10	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 grew	obj
11	separately	separately	ADV	_	9 grew	advmod
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 think	punct
13	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 scientists	amod
14	scientists	scientist	NOUN	Number=Plur	15 think	nsubj
15	think	think	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 helped	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	help	past	Quills			vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
2	stay	infinitive	both		safe property	vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	grow	past	both	Quills = quill	separately property	vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location they=Theme
4	think speech: other	present	many scientists			vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 2

One group swam across the wide sea every year to visit the other and share quills

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	One	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	2 group	nummod
2	group	group	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 swam	nsubj
3	swam	swim	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	across	across	ADP	_	7 sea	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 sea	det
6	wide	wide	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 sea	amod
7	sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 swam	obl
8	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	9 year	det
9	year	year	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 swam	obl:unmarked
10	to	to	PART	_	11 visit	mark
11	visit	visit	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 swam	advcl
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 other	det
13	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 visit	obj
14	and	and	CCONJ	_	15 share	cc
15	share	share	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 swam	conj
16	quills	quill	NOUN	Number=Plur	15 share	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	roles by
1	swim	past	One group		the wide sea	year	vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme across sea=Trajectory
2	visit	to-infinitive	One group not said here	the other			vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent other=Co-Agent
3	share	present	One group not said here	quills			tree rules

Option 3

They swapped quills long ago

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 swapped	nsubj
2	swapped	swap	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	quills	quill	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 swapped	obj
4	long	long	ADV	Degree=Pos	2 swapped	advmod
5	ago	ago	ADV	_	2 swapped	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	swap	past	They	quills				ago, long property	vn exchange-13.6.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent quill=Theme

Option 4

Quills are glued on by people

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Quills	quill	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 glued	nsubj:pass
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 glued	aux:pass
3	glued	glue	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	on	on	ADP	_	3 glued	compound:prt
5	by	by	ADP	_	6 people	case
6	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 glued	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	glue on	present · passive	people	Quills					vn tape-22.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/317-rodents-of-every-kind-squirrels-marmots-prairie-dogs-porcupines-chinchillas-and-dormice/t11/