Exam question 3 · Deer: antlers that fall off and grow again; red deer, roe…

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the species of deer living wild in Britain?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: deer · What happens: follow, characteris, live · To what, where: species, Britain

This is exam question 3 of lesson 318 «Deer: antlers that fall off and grow again; red deer, roe deer, moose, muntjac and water deer» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 species	det
10	species	species	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obj
11	of	of	ADP	_	12 deer	case
12	deer	deer	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 species	nmod
13	living	live	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	12 deer	acl
14	wild	wild	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 living	xcomp
15	in	in	ADP	_	16 Britain	case
16	Britain	Britain	PROPN	Number=Sing	13 living	obl
17	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund					vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the species of deer		of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules
3	live	gerund	deer not said here		Britain	wild property	vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in britain=Location

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Six species are present, of which only the red and the roe deer are native

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Six	six	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	2 species	nummod
2	species	species	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 present	nsubj
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 present	cop
4	present	present	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 red	punct
6	of	of	ADP	_	7 which	case
7	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	10 red	obl
8	only	only	ADV	_	10 red	advmod
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 red	det
10	red	red	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 present	conj
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	16 native	cc
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 deer	det
13	roe	roe	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 deer	compound
14	deer	deer	NOUN	Number=Plur	16 native	nsubj
15	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	16 native	cop
16	native	native	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 red	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	other	roles by
1	is	present	Six species	present property	tree rules
2	be		Six species not said here		tree rules
3	is	present	the roe deer	native property	tree rules

Option 2

Twelve species are present, all of which are native

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Twelve	twelve	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	2 species	nummod
2	species	species	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 present	nsubj
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 present	cop
4	present	present	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 native	punct
6	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	10 native	nsubj
7	of	of	ADP	_	8 which	case
8	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	6 all	nmod
9	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 native	cop
10	native	native	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 present	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Twelve species					present property	tree rules
2	is	present	all					native property	tree rules

Option 3

Two species are present, both having been introduced by the Romans for hunting

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	2 species	nummod
2	species	species	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 present	nsubj
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 present	cop
4	present	present	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 introduced	punct
6	both	both	DET	PronType=Tot	9 introduced	nsubj:pass
7	having	have	AUX	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	9 introduced	aux
8	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	9 introduced	aux:pass
9	introduced	introduce	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 present	conj
10	by	by	ADP	_	12 Romans	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 Romans	det
12	Romans	Roman	PROPN	Number=Plur	9 introduced	obl
13	for	for	ADP	_	14 hunting	case
14	hunting	hunting	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 introduced	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Two species					present property	tree rules
2	introduce	gerund · perfect · passive	the Romans	both				for hunting	vn amalgamate-22.2-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient

Option 4

One species is present, namely the moose

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	One	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	2 species	nummod
2	species	species	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 present	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 present	cop
4	present	present	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 namely	punct
6	namely	namely	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 present	conj
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 moose	det
8	moose	moose	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 present	obl:unmarked

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	One species					the moose obl:unmarked; present property	tree rules
2	be		One species not said here						tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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