Test 6 · ★★ · Falcons, hawks, kites, ospreys and vultures

«ugh the hawk ate a sparrow at the feeder, that's evil» What is the best answer?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: hawk, that, best answer · What happens: eat, be · To what, where: sparrow, feeder · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 6 · ★★ of lesson 324 «Falcons, hawks, kites, ospreys and vultures» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	5 ate	punct
2	ugh	ugh	INTJ	_	5 ate	discourse
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 hawk	det
4	hawk	hawk	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 ate	nsubj
5	ate	eat	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 sparrow	det
7	sparrow	sparrow	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 ate	obj
8	at	at	ADP	_	10 feeder	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 feeder	det
10	feeder	feeder	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 ate	obl
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 evil	punct
12	that	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	14 evil	nsubj
13	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	14 evil	cop
14	evil	evil	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 ate	conj
15	»	»	PUNCT	_	5 ate	punct
16	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	5 ate	parataxis
17	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	16 What	cop
18	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	20 answer	det
19	best	good	ADJ	Degree=Sup	20 answer	amod
20	answer	answer	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 What	nsubj
21	?	?	PUNCT	_	5 ate	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	eat in a quote	past	the hawk	a sparrow	the feeder		tree rules
2	is in a quote	present	that			evil property	tree rules
3	is a	present	the best answer				tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Hawks only eat seeds normally

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Hawks	hawk	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 eat	nsubj
2	only	only	ADV	_	3 eat	advmod
3	eat	eat	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	seeds	seed	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 eat	obj
5	normally	normally	ADV	_	3 eat	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	eat	present	Hawks	seeds				normally property	vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent seed=Patient

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

It is natural; sparrowhawks must eat small birds to live

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 natural	expl
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 natural	cop
3	natural	natural	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	;	;	PUNCT	_	7 eat	punct
5	sparrowhawks	sparrowhawk	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 eat	nsubj
6	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	7 eat	aux
7	eat	eat	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 natural	parataxis
8	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 birds	amod
9	birds	bird	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 eat	obj
10	to	to	PART	_	11 live	mark
11	live	live	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	7 eat	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is	present			natural property	tree rules
2	eat	must	sparrowhawks	small birds		vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bird=Patient
3	live	to-infinitive	sparrowhawks not said here			vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 3

The sparrow was asleep anyway

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 sparrow	det
2	sparrow	sparrow	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 asleep	nsubj
3	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 asleep	cop
4	asleep	asleep	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	anyway	anyway	ADV	_	4 asleep	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	past	the sparrow					anyway, asleep property	tree rules

Option 4

Yes, sparrowhawks kill just for sport and leave the bodies behind

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	4 kill	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Yes	punct
3	sparrowhawks	sparrowhawk	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 kill	nsubj
4	kill	kill	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	just	just	ADV	_	7 sport	advmod
6	for	for	ADP	_	7 sport	case
7	sport	sport	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 kill	obj
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 leave	cc
9	leave	leave	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 kill	conj
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 bodies	det
11	bodies	body	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 leave	obj
12	behind	behind	ADV	_	9 leave	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	kill	present	sparrowhawks	sport					vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sport=Theme
2	leave	infinitive	sparrowhawks not said here	the bodies				behind property	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent body=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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