Test 4 · ★ · A kitten at home: litter trays, scratching posts and play

In Tom and Jerry, Tom chases Jerry with a hammer and gets flattened, then pops back. What does a real kitten do when it chases?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Tom, kitten · What happens: chase, flatten, pop back, do · To what, where: Jerry, Tom, real kitten

This is test 4 · ★ of lesson 327 «A kitten at home: litter trays, scratching posts and play» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: In Tom and Jerry, Tom chases Jerry with a hammer and gets flattened, then pops back.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	2 Tom	case
2	Tom	Tom	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 chases	obl
3	and	and	CCONJ	_	4 Jerry	cc
4	Jerry	Jerry	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 Tom	conj
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	2 Tom	punct
6	Tom	Tom	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 chases	nsubj
7	chases	chase	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
8	Jerry	Jerry	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 chases	obj
9	with	with	ADP	_	11 hammer	case
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 hammer	det
11	hammer	hammer	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 chases	obl
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 flattened	cc
13	gets	get	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	14 flattened	aux:pass
14	flattened	flatten	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 chases	conj
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 pops	punct
16	then	then	ADV	PronType=Dem	17 pops	advmod
17	pops	pop	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	14 flattened	conj
18	back	back	ADV	_	17 pops	advmod
19	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 chases	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	chase	present	Tom	Jerry	Tom and Jerry		with a hammer	vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent jerry=Theme in tom=Trajectory
2	flatten	present · passive	Tom not said here					vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V ADVP-Middle»
3	pop back	present	Tom not said here			then		vn break-45.1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What does a real kitten do when it chases?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	2 does	nsubj
2	does	do	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 kitten	det
4	real	real	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 kitten	amod
5	kitten	kitten	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 does	obj
6	do	do	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 does	parataxis
7	when	when	SCONJ	_	9 chases	mark
8	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 chases	nsubj
9	chases	chase	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 do	advcl
10	?	?	PUNCT	_	2 does	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	do	present		a real kitten	vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent kitten=Eventuality
2	do	present			vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	chase	present	kitten		vn chase-51.6 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent

The options

Option 1

Uses little tools, like sticks and string, to trap mice and pull them out

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Uses	use	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	little	little	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 tools	amod
3	tools	tool	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Uses	obj
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 sticks	punct
5	like	like	ADP	_	6 sticks	case
6	sticks	stick	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 tools	conj
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 string	cc
8	string	string	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 tools	conj
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 trap	punct
10	to	to	PART	_	11 trap	mark
11	trap	trap	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	1 Uses	parataxis
12	mice	mouse	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 trap	obj
13	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 pull	cc
14	pull	pull	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 trap	parataxis
15	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	14 pull	obj
16	out	out	ADP	_	14 pull	compound:prt

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	roles by
1	use	present	little tools and sticks and string	vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tool=Patient
2	trap	to-infinitive	mice	vn trick-59.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mouse=Patient
3	pull out	present	mice = mouse	tree rules

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

Practises the stalking and pouncing of a hunter, with paws and claws only

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Practises	practise	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 stalking	det
3	stalking	stalking	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Practises	obj
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	5 pouncing	cc
5	pouncing	pounce	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	3 stalking	conj
6	of	of	ADP	_	8 hunter	case
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 hunter	det
8	hunter	hunter	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 pouncing	obl
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 paws	punct
10	with	with	ADP	_	11 paws	case
11	paws	paw	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Practises	obl
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 claws	cc
13	claws	claw	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 paws	conj
14	only	only	ADV	_	11 paws	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	practise	present		the stalking				with paws and claws	tree rules
2	pounce	gerund						of a hunter	vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme of hunter=Trajectory

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice

Uses tools to catch mice

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Uses	us	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 tools	compound
2	tools	tool	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
3	to	to	PART	_	4 catch	mark
4	catch	catch	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 tools	acl
5	mice	mouse	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 catch	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	catch	to-infinitive		mice					vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mouse=Theme

Option 4

Only chases cheese

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Only	only	ADV	_	2 chases	advmod
2	chases	chase	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	cheese	cheese	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 chases	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	chase	present		cheese					vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cheese=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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