Test 10 · ★★ · The garden in autumn: colours, conkers, webs and buried nuts

«why do swallows sit on wires all bunched up, they're just bored» What are they really doing?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · Who acts: swallows · What happens: sit, bunch up, be, do · To what, where: wires

This is test 10 · ★★ of lesson 335 «The garden in autumn: colours, conkers, webs and buried nuts» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	5 sit	punct
2	why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	5 sit	advmod
3	do	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 sit	aux
4	swallows	swallow	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 sit	nsubj
5	sit	sit	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
6	on	on	ADP	_	7 wires	case
7	wires	wire	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 sit	obl
8	all	all	ADV	_	9 bunched	advmod
9	bunched	bunch	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 wires	acl
10	up	up	ADP	_	9 bunched	compound:prt
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 bored	punct
12	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	15 bored	nsubj
13	're	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	15 bored	cop
14	just	just	ADV	_	15 bored	advmod
15	bored	bored	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 sit	conj
16	»	»	PUNCT	_	15 bored	punct
17	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	21 doing	obj
18	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	21 doing	aux
19	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	21 doing	nsubj
20	really	really	ADV	_	21 doing	advmod
21	doing	do	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	15 bored	ccomp
22	?	?	PUNCT	_	5 sit	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	sit in a quote	present · do-support	swallows		wires		vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on wire=Location
2	bunch up in a quote	participle		wires not said here		all property	tree rules
3	is in a quote	present	swallows = swallow			bored property	tree rules
4	do	present · progressive	swallows = swallow				vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Eventuality

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Waiting for the snow to come

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Waiting	wait	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
2	for	for	ADP	_	4 snow	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 snow	det
4	snow	snow	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Waiting	obl
5	to	to	PART	_	6 come	mark
6	come	come	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	1 Waiting	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	wait	gerund						for the snow	vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	come	to-infinitive							vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Gathering before flying to Africa for the winter

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Gathering	gather	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
2	before	before	SCONJ	_	3 flying	mark
3	flying	fly	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	1 Gathering	advcl
4	to	to	ADP	_	5 Africa	case
5	Africa	Africa	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 flying	obl
6	for	for	ADP	_	8 winter	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 winter	det
8	winter	winter	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 flying	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	gather	gerund							vn herd-47.5.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	fly	gerund			Africa		winter		vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme to africa=Result

Option 3

Listening for worms under the road

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Listening	listen	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
2	for	for	ADP	_	3 worms	case
3	worms	worm	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Listening	obl
4	under	under	ADP	_	6 road	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 road	det
6	road	road	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Listening	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	listen	gerund				the road		for worms	vn rummage-35.5 «NP V PP.location PP.theme»: agent=Agent for worm=Theme under road=Location

Option 4

Drying their feathers in the sun after a long bath in the pond

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Drying	dry	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
2	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	3 feathers	nmod:poss
3	feathers	feather	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Drying	obj
4	in	in	ADP	_	6 sun	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 sun	det
6	sun	sun	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Drying	obl
7	after	after	ADP	_	10 bath	case
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 bath	det
9	long	long	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 bath	amod
10	bath	bath	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Drying	obl
11	in	in	ADP	_	13 pond	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 pond	det
13	pond	pond	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Drying	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	dry	gerund		their feathers		the sun	after a long bath	in the pond	vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Patient feather=Result

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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