Exam question 2 · The park pond through the year: ducks, coots, swans, drago…
Identify the principal reason for which bread is regarded as an unsuitable food for ducks.
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you · What happens: identify, regard · To what, where: principal reason, bread
This is exam question 2 of lesson 337 «The park pond through the year: ducks, coots, swans, dragonflies and ice» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Identify | identify | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 reason | det |
| 3 | principal | principal | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 reason | amod |
| 4 | reason | reason | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Identify | obj |
| 5 | for | for | ADP | _ | 6 which | case |
| 6 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 9 regarded | obl |
| 7 | bread | bread | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 regarded | nsubj:pass |
| 8 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 regarded | aux:pass |
| 9 | regarded | regard | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 reason | acl:relcl |
| 10 | as | as | ADP | _ | 13 food | case |
| 11 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 13 food | det |
| 12 | unsuitable | unsuitable | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 food | amod |
| 13 | food | food | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 regarded | obl |
| 14 | for | for | ADP | _ | 15 ducks | case |
| 15 | ducks | duck | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 regarded | obl |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 Identify | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | identify | imperative | you not said here | the principal reason | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme | ||||
| 2 | regard | present · passive | bread | for the principal reason; as a unsuitable food; for ducks | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Theme for which=Attribute |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The options
Option 1 · ← Mova's choice
Its provision is prohibited by the Crown
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 2 provision | nmod:poss |
| 2 | provision | provision | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 prohibited | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 prohibited | aux:pass |
| 4 | prohibited | prohibit | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | by | by | ADP | _ | 7 Crown | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 Crown | det |
| 7 | Crown | Crown | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 prohibited | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | prohibit | present · passive | the Crown | Its provision | vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer subject=Theme | ||||
| 2 | provide | Its = it | nom provision «communication intransitive»: poss=agent |
Option 2
It expands within the stomach and renders the bird unable to float
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 expands | nsubj |
| 2 | expands | expand | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | within | within | ADP | _ | 5 stomach | case |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 stomach | det |
| 5 | stomach | stomach | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 expands | obl |
| 6 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 7 renders | cc |
| 7 | renders | render | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 expands | conj |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 bird | det |
| 9 | bird | bird | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 renders | obj |
| 10 | unable | unable | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 renders | xcomp |
| 11 | to | to | PART | _ | 12 float | mark |
| 12 | float | float | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 10 unable | xcomp |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | expand | present | It | within the stomach | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | ||||
| 2 | render | present | the bird | unable property | vn give-13.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bird=Theme | ||||
| 3 | float | to-infinitive | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
Option 3 · ✓ the right answer
It offers little nourishment, and the residue pollutes the water
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 offers | nsubj |
| 2 | offers | offer | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 nourishment | amod |
| 4 | nourishment | nourishment | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 offers | obj |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 pollutes | punct |
| 6 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 pollutes | cc |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 residue | det |
| 8 | residue | residue | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 pollutes | nsubj |
| 9 | pollutes | pollute | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 offers | conj |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 water | det |
| 11 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 pollutes | obj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | offer | present | It | little nourishment | vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent nourishment=Theme | ||||
| 2 | pollute | present | the residue | the water | tree rules |
Option 4
It is entirely indigestible to all waterfowl
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 indigestible | nsubj |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 indigestible | cop |
| 3 | entirely | entirely | ADV | _ | 4 indigestible | advmod |
| 4 | indigestible | indigestible | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 5 | to | to | ADP | _ | 7 waterfowl | case |
| 6 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 7 waterfowl | det |
| 7 | waterfowl | waterfowl | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 indigestible | nmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | It | indigestible | to all waterfowl; entirely property | tree rules |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/337-the-park-pond-through-the-year-ducks-coots-swans-dragonflies-and-ice/e2/