Exam question 4 · Birds of prey and owls

Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning the designation «bald eagle».

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, established facts · What happens: select, establish, concern · To what, where: response, designation

This is exam question 4 of lesson 34 «Birds of prey and owls» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Select	xcomp
5	with	with	ADP	_	8 facts	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 facts	det
7	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 facts	amod
8	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 consistent	obl
9	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 facts	acl
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 designation	det
11	designation	designation	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 concerning	obj
12	«	«	PUNCT	_	14 eagle	punct
13	bald	bald	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 eagle	amod
14	eagle	eagle	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 designation	appos
15	»	»	PUNCT	_	14 eagle	punct
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response	consistent property	vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	establish	participle				vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
3	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here	the designation		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus designation=Experiencer

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

It denotes the absence of feathers upon the head

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 denotes	nsubj
2	denotes	denote	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 absence	det
4	absence	absence	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 denotes	obj
5	of	of	ADP	_	6 feathers	case
6	feathers	feather	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 absence	nmod
7	upon	upon	ADP	_	9 head	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 head	det
9	head	head	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 denotes	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	denote	present	It	the absence of feathers				upon the head	vn indicate-78 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot absence=Topic
2	absent			feathers					nom absence «state transitive»: of=patient

Option 2

It denotes baldness acquired in old age

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 denotes	nsubj
2	denotes	denote	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	baldness	baldness	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 denotes	obj
4	acquired	acquire	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 baldness	acl
5	in	in	ADP	_	7 age	case
6	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 age	amod
7	age	age	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 acquired	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	denote	present	It	baldness					vn indicate-78 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot baldness=Topic
2	acquire	participle		baldness not said here			in old age		vn obtain-13.5.2-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset

Option 3

It refers to the eagle's bare feet

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 refers	nsubj
2	refers	refer	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	to	to	ADP	_	8 feet	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 eagle	det
5	eagle	eagle	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 feet	nmod:poss
6	's	's	PART	_	5 eagle	case
7	bare	bare	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 feet	amod
8	feet	foot	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 refers	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	refer	present	It					to the eagle's bare feet	vn relate-86.2-2 «NP V PP.co-theme»: agent=Theme to foot=Co-Theme

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

It derives from an archaic word signifying white

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 derives	nsubj
2	derives	derive	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	from	from	ADP	_	6 word	case
4	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 word	det
5	archaic	archaic	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 word	amod
6	word	word	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 derives	obl
7	signifying	signify	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	6 word	acl
8	white	white	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 signifying	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	derive	present	It			a archaic word			vn create-26.4 «NP V NP PP.material»: agent=Agent from word=Material
2	signify	gerund	a archaic word not said here	white					vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot white=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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