Exam question 1 · Where meat and fish come from, told honestly

Identify the principal reason for which the English language employs distinct terms for certain animals and for their meat.

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 1 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, English language · What happens: identify, employ · To what, where: principal reason, distinct terms

This is exam question 1 of lesson 343 «Where meat and fish come from, told honestly» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 reason	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 reason	amod
4	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
5	for	for	ADP	_	6 which	case
6	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	10 employs	obl
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 language	det
8	English	English	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 language	amod
9	language	language	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 employs	nsubj
10	employs	employ	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 reason	acl
11	distinct	distinct	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 terms	amod
12	terms	term	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 employs	obj
13	for	for	ADP	_	15 animals	case
14	certain	certain	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 animals	amod
15	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 terms	nmod
16	and	and	CCONJ	_	19 meat	cc
17	for	for	ADP	_	19 meat	case
18	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	19 meat	nmod:poss
19	meat	meat	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 animals	conj
20	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the principal reason					vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme
2	employ	present	the English language	distinct terms				for the principal reason; for certain animals and animals's meat	vn use-105.1 «NP V NP PP.predicate»: agent=Agent term=Theme for which=Eventuality

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ✓ the right answer

Following 1066, the meat was consumed by Norman lords who spoke French whereas the animals were kept by English speakers

The tree, 20 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	2 1066	nsubj
2	1066	1066	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	18 kept	obl
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 consumed	punct
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 meat	det
5	meat	meat	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 consumed	nsubj
6	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	7 consumed	aux:pass
7	consumed	consume	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 1066	acl
8	by	by	ADP	_	10 lords	case
9	Norman	norman	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 lords	amod
10	lords	lord	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 consumed	obl
11	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	12 spoke	nsubj
12	spoke	speak	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	10 lords	acl:relcl
13	French	French	PROPN	Number=Sing	12 spoke	obj
14	whereas	whereas	SCONJ	_	16 animals	case
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 animals	det
16	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 spoke	obl
17	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	18 kept	aux:pass
18	kept	keep	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
19	by	by	ADP	_	21 speakers	case
20	English	English	ADJ	Degree=Pos	21 speakers	amod
21	speakers	speaker	NOUN	Number=Plur	18 kept	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund				vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	consume	past · passive	Norman lords	the meat		vn consume-66 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Asset
3	speak speech: other	past	Norman lords	French	whereas the animals	tree rules
4	keep	past · passive	English speakers	1066		vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice

The terms derive from the noises produced by the animals

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 terms	det
2	terms	term	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 derive	nsubj
3	derive	derive	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	from	from	ADP	_	6 noises	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 noises	det
6	noises	noise	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 derive	obl
7	produced	produce	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 noises	acl
8	by	by	ADP	_	10 animals	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 animals	det
10	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 produced	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	derive	present	the terms			the noises			vn create-26.4 «NP V NP PP.material»: agent=Agent from noise=Material
2	produce	participle		the noises not said here				by the animals	vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Option 3

The terms were introduced by Roman soldiers

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 terms	det
2	terms	term	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 introduced	nsubj:pass
3	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 introduced	aux:pass
4	introduced	introduce	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	by	by	ADP	_	7 soldiers	case
6	Roman	roman	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 soldiers	amod
7	soldiers	soldier	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 introduced	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	introduce	past · passive	Roman soldiers	the terms					vn amalgamate-22.2-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient

Option 4

The distinction was required by medieval law

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 distinction	det
2	distinction	distinction	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 required	nsubj:pass
3	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 required	aux:pass
4	required	require	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	by	by	ADP	_	7 law	case
6	medieval	medieval	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 law	amod
7	law	law	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 required	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	require	past · passive	medieval law	the distinction					vn require-103-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme subject=Precondition

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/343-where-meat-and-fish-come-from-told-honestly/e1/