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Exam question 4 · Birds of every kind: penguins, ostriches, parrots, humming…

It is given that an ostrich perceives danger. Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning its conduct.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: ostrich, you, established facts, response · What happens: give, perceive, select, establish, concern, conduct · To what, where: It, danger, response, conduct

This is exam question 4 of lesson 35 «Birds of every kind: penguins, ostriches, parrots, hummingbirds, songbirds, crows» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: It is given that an ostrich perceives danger.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 given	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 given	aux:pass
3	given	give	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	that	that	SCONJ	_	7 perceives	mark
5	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 ostrich	det
6	ostrich	ostrich	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 perceives	nsubj
7	perceives	perceive	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 given	advcl
8	danger	danger	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 perceives	obj
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 given	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	give	present · passive		It					vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
2	perceive	present	a ostrich	danger					vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer danger=Stimulus

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning its conduct.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Select	xcomp
5	with	with	ADP	_	8 facts	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 facts	det
7	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 facts	amod
8	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 consistent	obl
9	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 facts	acl
10	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	11 conduct	nmod:poss
11	conduct	conduct	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 concerning	obj
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response				consistent property	vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	establish	participle							vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
3	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here	response's conduct					vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus conduct=Experiencer
4	conduct		response						nom conduct «act transitive»: poss=agent

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

It may flee at speed or lie flat with its neck on the ground

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 flee	nsubj
2	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 flee	aux
3	flee	flee	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	at	at	ADP	_	5 speed	case
5	speed	speed	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 flee	obl
6	or	or	CCONJ	_	7 lie	cc
7	lie	lie	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 flee	conj
8	flat	flat	ADV	_	7 lie	advmod
9	with	with	ADP	_	11 neck	case
10	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	11 neck	nmod:poss
11	neck	neck	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 lie	obl
12	on	on	ADP	_	14 ground	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 ground	det
14	ground	ground	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 lie	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	flee	may	It			speed			vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	lie	infinitive				the ground		with speed's neck; flat property	vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on ground=Location

Option 2

It remains entirely motionless with its head raised

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 remains	nsubj
2	remains	remain	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	entirely	entirely	ADV	_	4 motionless	advmod
4	motionless	motionless	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 remains	xcomp
5	with	with	ADP	_	7 head	case
6	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	7 head	nmod:poss
7	head	head	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 motionless	obl
8	raised	raise	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 head	acl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	remain	present	It					motionless property	vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	raise	participle		its head not said here					vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Option 3

It takes flight into the trees

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 takes	nsubj
2	takes	take	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	flight	flight	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 takes	obj
4	into	into	ADP	_	6 trees	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 trees	det
6	trees	tree	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 takes	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	take	present	It	flight		the trees			vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent flight=Theme into tree=Destination

Option 4

It buries its head in the sand

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 buries	nsubj
2	buries	bury	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	4 head	nmod:poss
4	head	head	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 buries	obj
5	in	in	ADP	_	7 sand	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 sand	det
7	sand	sand	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 buries	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	bury	present	It	its head		the sand			vn put-9.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent head=Theme in sand=Destination

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/35-birds-of-every-kind/e4/