Exam question 3 · Farm animals by numbers: stomachs, hooves, toes, eggs and…

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the relationship between the number of teats and the size of the litter in farm animals?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris · To what, where: relationship

This is exam question 3 of lesson 350 «Farm animals by numbers: stomachs, hooves, toes, eggs and litres» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 relationship	det
10	relationship	relationship	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	between	between	ADP	_	13 number	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 number	det
13	number	number	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 relationship	nmod
14	of	of	ADP	_	15 teats	case
15	teats	teat	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 number	nmod
16	and	and	CCONJ	_	18 size	cc
17	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	18 size	det
18	size	size	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 relationship	conj
19	of	of	ADP	_	21 litter	case
20	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	21 litter	det
21	litter	litter	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 size	nmod
22	in	in	ADP	_	24 animals	case
23	farm	farm	NOUN	Number=Sing	24 animals	compound
24	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	21 litter	nmod
25	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the relationship and the size of the litter in farm animals				of the following statements; between the number of teats; accurately property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

All farm animals possess four teats irrespective of litter size

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	All	all	DET	PronType=Tot	3 animals	det
2	farm	farm	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 animals	compound
3	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 possess	nsubj
4	possess	possess	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	four	four	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	6 teats	nummod
6	teats	teat	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 possess	obj
7	irrespective	irrespective	ADV	_	10 size	advmod
8	of	of	ADP	_	10 size	case
9	litter	litter	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 size	compound
10	size	size	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 possess	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	possess	present	all farm animals	four teats				of litter size	vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot teat=Theme

Option 2

The ewe possesses fourteen teats and the sow two

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 ewe	det
2	ewe	ewe	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 possesses	nsubj
3	possesses	possess	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	fourteen	fourteen	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	5 teats	nummod
5	teats	teat	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 possesses	obj
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 sow	cc
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 sow	det
8	sow	sow	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 teats	conj
9	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	8 sow	flat

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	possess	present	the ewe	fourteen teats and the sow					vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot teat=Theme

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice

The number of teats bears no relation whatsoever to the offspring

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 number	det
2	number	number	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 bears	case
4	teats	teat	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 bears	compound
5	bears	bear	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 number	nmod
6	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	7 relation	det
7	relation	relation	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 bears	conj
8	whatsoever	whatsoever	ADV	_	11 offspring	advmod
9	to	to	ADP	_	11 offspring	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 offspring	det
11	offspring	offspring	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 relation	nmod

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

The ewe possesses two teats and twins are most common, whereas the sow possesses approximately fourteen teats for a litter of eight to twelve

The tree, 24 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 ewe	det
2	ewe	ewe	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 possesses	nsubj
3	possesses	possess	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	5 teats	nummod
5	teats	teat	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 possesses	obj
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 common	cc
7	twins	twin	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 common	nsubj
8	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 common	cop
9	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	10 common	advmod
10	common	common	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 possesses	conj
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 possesses	punct
12	whereas	whereas	SCONJ	_	15 possesses	mark
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 sow	det
14	sow	sow	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 possesses	nsubj
15	possesses	possess	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 possesses	conj
16	approximately	approximately	ADV	_	17 fourteen	advmod
17	fourteen	fourteen	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	18 teats	nummod
18	teats	teat	NOUN	Number=Plur	15 possesses	obj
19	for	for	ADP	_	21 litter	case
20	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	21 litter	det
21	litter	litter	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 possesses	obl
22	of	of	ADP	_	23 eight	case
23	eight	eight	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	21 litter	nmod
24	to	to	ADP	_	25 twelve	case
25	twelve	twelve	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	23 eight	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	possess	present	the ewe	two teats		vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot teat=Theme
2	is	present	twins		common property	tree rules
3	possess	present	the sow	fourteen teats	for a litter of eight to twelve	vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot teat=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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