Exam question 2 · Teeth: baby teeth, grown-up teeth and wobbly teeth

Identify the principal reason for which a deciduous tooth becomes loose prior to its loss.

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, deciduous tooth · What happens: identify, become · To what, where: principal reason

This is exam question 2 of lesson 351 «Teeth: baby teeth, grown-up teeth and wobbly teeth» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 reason	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 reason	amod
4	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
5	for	for	ADP	_	6 which	case
6	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	10 becomes	obl
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 tooth	det
8	deciduous	deciduous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 tooth	amod
9	tooth	tooth	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 becomes	nsubj
10	becomes	become	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 reason	acl
11	loose	loose	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 becomes	xcomp
12	prior	prior	ADJ	Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP	15 loss	case
13	to	to	ADP	_	12 prior	fixed
14	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	15 loss	nmod:poss
15	loss	loss	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 loose	obl
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the principal reason					vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme
2	become	present	a deciduous tooth					for the principal reason; loose property	vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

The gum recedes in consequence of growth in stature

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 gum	det
2	gum	gum	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 recedes	nsubj
3	recedes	recede	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	in	in	ADP	_	5 consequence	case
5	consequence	consequence	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 recedes	obl
6	of	of	ADP	_	7 growth	case
7	growth	growth	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 consequence	nmod
8	in	in	ADP	_	9 stature	case
9	stature	stature	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 growth	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	recede	present	the gum			consequence of growth in stature			vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 2

The tooth desiccates and is rendered lighter

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 tooth	det
2	tooth	tooth	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 desiccates	nsubj
3	desiccates	desiccate	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	6 rendered	cc
5	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 rendered	aux:pass
6	rendered	render	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 desiccates	conj
7	lighter	light	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	6 rendered	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	desiccate	present	the tooth						vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
2	render	present · passive	the tooth not said here					light property	vn give-13.1 «NP V PP.recipient»

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

The root thereof is dissolved by the permanent tooth developing beneath it

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 root	det
2	root	root	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 dissolved	nsubj
3	thereof	thereof	ADV	_	2 root	advmod
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 dissolved	aux:pass
5	dissolved	dissolve	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	by	by	ADP	_	9 tooth	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 tooth	det
8	permanent	permanent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 tooth	amod
9	tooth	tooth	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 dissolved	obl
10	developing	develop	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	9 tooth	acl
11	beneath	beneath	ADP	_	12 it	case
12	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 developing	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	dissolve	present · passive	the permanent tooth	the root					vn break-45.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient
2	develop	gerund	the permanent tooth not said here			root			vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme beneath it=Location

Option 4

The tooth is weakened by excessive consumption of sugar

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 tooth	det
2	tooth	tooth	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 weakened	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 weakened	aux:pass
4	weakened	weaken	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	by	by	ADP	_	7 consumption	case
6	excessive	excessive	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 consumption	amod
7	consumption	consumption	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 weakened	obl
8	of	of	ADP	_	9 sugar	case
9	sugar	sugar	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 consumption	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	weaken	present · passive	excessive consumption of sugar	the tooth					vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent subject=Patient
2	consume			sugar					nom consumption «act transitive»: of=patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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