Exam question 3 · Skin: layers, sweat, goosebumps, freckles and sunburn

Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning the colour of human skin.

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, established facts · What happens: select, establish, concern · To what, where: response, colour

This is exam question 3 of lesson 353 «Skin: layers, sweat, goosebumps, freckles and sunburn» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Select	xcomp
5	with	with	ADP	_	8 facts	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 facts	det
7	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 facts	amod
8	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 consistent	obl
9	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 facts	acl
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 colour	det
11	colour	colour	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 concerning	obj
12	of	of	ADP	_	14 skin	case
13	human	human	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 skin	amod
14	skin	skin	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 colour	nmod
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response	consistent property	vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	establish	participle				vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
3	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here	the colour of human skin		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus colour=Experiencer

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

It is determined by the quantity of perspiration secreted

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 determined	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 determined	aux:pass
3	determined	determine	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	by	by	ADP	_	6 quantity	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 quantity	det
6	quantity	quantity	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 determined	obl
7	of	of	ADP	_	8 perspiration	case
8	perspiration	perspiration	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 quantity	nmod
9	secreted	secrete	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 quantity	acl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	determine	present · passive	the quantity of perspiration	It					vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Topic
2	secrete	participle		the quantity of perspiration not said here					tree rules

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice

It is determined by the colour of the blood

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 determined	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 determined	aux:pass
3	determined	determine	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	by	by	ADP	_	6 colour	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 colour	det
6	colour	colour	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 determined	obl
7	of	of	ADP	_	9 blood	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 blood	det
9	blood	blood	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 colour	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	determine	present · passive	the colour of the blood	It					vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Topic

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

It is determined by the quantity of melanin produced, the number of pigment cells being broadly similar in all persons

The tree, 20 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 determined	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 determined	aux:pass
3	determined	determine	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	by	by	ADP	_	6 quantity	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 quantity	det
6	quantity	quantity	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 determined	obl
7	of	of	ADP	_	8 melanin	case
8	melanin	melanin	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 quantity	nmod
9	produced	produce	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 quantity	acl
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 number	punct
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 number	det
12	number	number	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 determined	conj
13	of	of	ADP	_	15 cells	case
14	pigment	pigment	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 cells	compound
15	cells	cell	NOUN	Number=Plur	18 similar	obl
16	being	be	AUX	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	18 similar	cop
17	broadly	broadly	ADV	_	18 similar	advmod
18	similar	similar	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 number	acl:relcl
19	in	in	ADP	_	21 persons	case
20	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	21 persons	det
21	persons	person	NOUN	Number=Plur	18 similar	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	determine	present · passive	the quantity of melanin	It		vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Topic
2	produce	participle		the quantity of melanin not said here		vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
3	is	gerund	the number not said here		of pigment cells; in all persons; broadly, similar property	tree rules

Option 4

It is determined by the number of layers of which the skin is composed

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 determined	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 determined	aux:pass
3	determined	determine	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	by	by	ADP	_	6 number	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 number	det
6	number	number	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 determined	obl
7	of	of	ADP	_	8 layers	case
8	layers	layer	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 number	nmod
9	of	of	ADP	_	10 which	case
10	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	14 composed	obl
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 skin	det
12	skin	skin	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 composed	nsubj:pass
13	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	14 composed	aux:pass
14	composed	compose	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 layers	acl:relcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	determine	present · passive	the number of layers	It					vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Topic
2	compose	present · passive		the skin				of layers	vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Result

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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