Test 6 · Skin: layers, sweat, goosebumps, freckles and sunburn

«my mate says brown skin and white skin have totally different cells inside» What is right?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: mate, white skin · What happens: say, have, be · To what, where: brown skin, different cells · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 6 of lesson 353 «Skin: layers, sweat, goosebumps, freckles and sunburn» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	4 says	punct
2	my	my	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	3 mate	nmod:poss
3	mate	mate	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 says	nsubj
4	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	brown	brown	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 skin	amod
6	skin	skin	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 says	obj
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 have	cc
8	white	white	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 skin	amod
9	skin	skin	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 have	nsubj
10	have	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 says	ccomp
11	totally	totally	ADV	_	12 different	advmod
12	different	different	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 cells	amod
13	cells	cell	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 have	obj
14	inside	inside	ADV	_	10 have	advmod
15	»	»	PUNCT	_	10 have	punct
16	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	18 right	nsubj
17	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	18 right	cop
18	right	right	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 have	parataxis
19	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert in a quote	present	my mate	brown skin		tree rules
2	have in a quote	present	white skin	different cells	inside property	tree rules
3	is	present			right property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Yes, lighter skin has no melanin at all

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	5 has	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 has	punct
3	lighter	light	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	4 skin	amod
4	skin	skin	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 has	nsubj
5	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	7 melanin	det
7	melanin	melanin	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 has	obj
8	at	at	ADP	_	9 all	case
9	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	7 melanin	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	present	lighter skin	no melanin		all			vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent melanin=Patient

Option 2

No, skin colour comes from the blood

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	INTJ	Polarity=Neg	4 colour	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 No	punct
3	skin	skin	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 colour	compound
4	colour	colour	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 comes	nsubj
5	comes	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	from	from	ADP	_	8 blood	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 blood	det
8	blood	blood	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 comes	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	come	present	skin colour			the blood			vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from blood=Initial_Location

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

No, everyone has about the same colour cells; they just make different amounts of melanin

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	INTJ	Polarity=Neg	4 has	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 No	punct
3	everyone	everyone	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Tot	4 has	nsubj
4	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	about	about	ADV	_	9 cells	advmod
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 cells	det
7	same	same	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 cells	amod
8	colour	colour	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 cells	compound
9	cells	cell	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 has	obj
10	;	;	PUNCT	_	13 make	punct
11	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 make	nsubj
12	just	just	ADV	_	13 make	advmod
13	make	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 has	conj
14	different	different	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 amounts	amod
15	amounts	amount	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 make	obj
16	of	of	ADP	_	17 melanin	case
17	melanin	melanin	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 amounts	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	have	present	everyone	the same colour cells	vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cell=Patient
2	make	present	cells = cell	different amounts of melanin	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset amount=Product
3	amount			melanin	nom amount «possession transitive»: of=patient

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice

Yes, darker skin has extra skin layers

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	3 darker	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Yes	punct
3	darker	dark	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	4 skin	amod
4	skin	skin	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 has	nsubj
5	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	extra	extra	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 layers	amod
7	skin	skin	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 layers	compound
8	layers	layer	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 has	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	present	darker skin	extra skin layers					vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent layer=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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