Test 4 · ★ · Bones by name: the skull, jaw, spine and ribs

In a Tom and Jerry cartoon Tom stretches his neck long like a giraffe's, then snaps it back short. What is true about real necks?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: Tom · What happens: stretch, snap back, be · To what, where: neck

This is test 4 · ★ of lesson 357 «Bones by name: the skull, jaw, spine and ribs» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: In a Tom and Jerry cartoon Tom stretches his neck long like a giraffe's, then snaps it back short.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	6 cartoon	case
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 cartoon	det
3	Tom	Tom	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 cartoon	compound
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	5 Jerry	cc
5	Jerry	Jerry	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 Tom	conj
6	cartoon	cartoon	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 stretches	obl
7	Tom	Tom	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 stretches	nsubj
8	stretches	stretch	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	10 neck	nmod:poss
10	neck	neck	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 stretches	obj
11	long	long	ADV	Degree=Pos	8 stretches	advmod
12	like	like	ADP	_	14 giraffe	case
13	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 giraffe	det
14	giraffe	giraffe	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 stretches	obl
15	's	's	PART	_	14 giraffe	case
16	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 snaps	punct
17	then	then	ADV	PronType=Dem	18 snaps	advmod
18	snaps	snap	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 stretches	conj
19	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	18 snaps	obj
20	back	back	ADV	_	18 snaps	advmod
21	short	short	ADJ	Degree=Pos	18 snaps	xcomp
22	.	.	PUNCT	_	8 stretches	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	stretch	present	Tom	Tom's neck				like a giraffe; in a Tom cartoon; long property	vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient PP.theme»: agent=Agent neck=Patient in cartoon=Topic
2	snap back	present	Tom not said here	neck			then	short property	vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location it=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What is true about real necks?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 true	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 true	cop
3	true	true	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	about	about	ADP	_	6 necks	case
5	real	real	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 necks	amod
6	necks	neck	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 true	obl
7	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 true	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						about real necks; true property	tree rules

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

A giraffe and a person both have seven neck bones; a giraffe's are just much longer

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 giraffe	det
2	giraffe	giraffe	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 have	nsubj
3	and	and	CCONJ	_	5 person	cc
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 person	det
5	person	person	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 giraffe	conj
6	both	both	CCONJ	_	7 have	cc:preconj
7	have	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
8	seven	seven	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	10 bones	nummod
9	neck	neck	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 bones	compound
10	bones	bone	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 have	obj
11	;	;	PUNCT	_	18 longer	punct
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 giraffe	det
13	giraffe	giraffe	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 much	nmod:poss
14	's	's	PART	_	13 giraffe	case
15	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	17 much	cop
16	just	just	ADV	_	17 much	advmod
17	much	much	ADV	_	18 longer	advmod
18	longer	long	ADV	Degree=Cmp	7 have	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	present	a giraffe and a person	seven neck bones				long property	vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bone=Patient
2	is	present						much property	tree rules

Option 2

A giraffe's neck has hundreds of tiny bones

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 giraffe	det
2	giraffe	giraffe	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 neck	nmod:poss
3	's	's	PART	_	2 giraffe	case
4	neck	neck	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 has	nsubj
5	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	hundreds	hundred	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 has	obj
7	of	of	ADP	_	9 bones	case
8	tiny	tiny	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 bones	amod
9	bones	bone	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 hundreds	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	present	a giraffe's neck	hundreds of tiny bones					vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hundred=Patient

Option 3

A person's neck has no bones at all

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 person	det
2	person	person	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 neck	nmod:poss
3	's	's	PART	_	2 person	case
4	neck	neck	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 has	nsubj
5	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	7 bones	det
7	bones	bone	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 has	obj
8	at	at	ADP	_	9 all	case
9	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	7 bones	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	present	a person's neck	no bones		all			vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bone=Patient

Option 4

Necks can stretch like rubber

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Necks	neck	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 stretch	nsubj
2	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 stretch	aux
3	stretch	stretch	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	like	like	ADP	_	5 rubber	case
5	rubber	rubber	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 stretch	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	stretch	can	Necks					like rubber	vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/357-bones-by-name-the-skull-jaw-spine-and-ribs/t4/