Test 4 · Bones by name: shoulders, arms and hands

In a Tom and Jerry cartoon Tom's arm is tied in a knot and then he shakes it straight. What is true about a real arm?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: Tom · What happens: tie, shake, be · To what, where: arm, Tom cartoon

This is test 4 of lesson 358 «Bones by name: shoulders, arms and hands» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: In a Tom and Jerry cartoon Tom's arm is tied in a knot and then he shakes it straight.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	6 cartoon	case
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 cartoon	det
3	Tom	Tom	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 cartoon	compound
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	5 Jerry	cc
5	Jerry	Jerry	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 Tom	conj
6	cartoon	cartoon	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 tied	obl
7	Tom	Tom	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 arm	nmod:poss
8	's	's	PART	_	7 Tom	case
9	arm	arm	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 tied	nsubj:pass
10	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 tied	aux:pass
11	tied	tie	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
12	in	in	ADP	_	14 knot	case
13	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 knot	det
14	knot	knot	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 tied	obl
15	and	and	CCONJ	_	18 shakes	cc
16	then	then	ADV	PronType=Dem	18 shakes	advmod
17	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	18 shakes	nsubj
18	shakes	shake	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 tied	conj
19	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	18 shakes	obj
20	straight	straight	ADV	_	18 shakes	advmod
21	.	.	PUNCT	_	11 tied	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	tie	present · passive		Tom's arm		a Tom cartoon		in a knot	vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient
2	shake	present	Tom	arm			then	straight property	vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent it=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What is true about a real arm?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 true	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 true	cop
3	true	true	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	about	about	ADP	_	7 arm	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 arm	det
6	real	real	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 arm	amod
7	arm	arm	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 true	obl
8	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 true	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						about a real arm; true property	tree rules

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

It has stiff bones joined at the shoulder, elbow and wrist, so it cannot tie in a knot

The tree, 19 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 has	nsubj
2	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	stiff	stiff	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 bones	amod
4	bones	bone	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 has	obj
5	joined	join	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 bones	acl
6	at	at	ADP	_	8 shoulder	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 shoulder	det
8	shoulder	shoulder	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 joined	obl
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 elbow	punct
10	elbow	elbow	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 shoulder	conj
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 wrist	cc
12	wrist	wrist	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 shoulder	conj
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 tie	punct
14	so	so	ADV	_	18 tie	advmod
15	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	18 tie	nsubj
16	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	18 tie	aux
17	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	18 tie	advmod
18	tie	tie	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 has	conj
19	in	in	ADP	_	21 knot	case
20	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	21 knot	det
21	knot	knot	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 tie	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	have	present	It	stiff bones		vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bone=Patient
2	join	participle		stiff bones not said here	the shoulder and elbow and wrist	vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient
3	not tie	can	wrist		a knot	vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient

Option 2

Its bones bend like rubber in children

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 bones	nmod:poss
2	bones	bone	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 bend	nsubj
3	bend	bend	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	like	like	ADP	_	5 rubber	case
5	rubber	rubber	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 bend	obl
6	in	in	ADP	_	7 children	case
7	children	child	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 bend	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	bend	present	Its bones					like rubber; in children	vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in child=Location

Option 3

It is boneless and bends anywhere

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 boneless	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 boneless	cop
3	boneless	boneless	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	5 bends	cc
5	bends	bend	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 boneless	conj
6	anywhere	anywhere	ADV	PronType=Ind	5 bends	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	It					boneless property	tree rules
2	bend	present						anywhere property	vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 4

It has one long bone from shoulder to fingertips

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 has	nsubj
2	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	5 bone	nummod
4	long	long	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 bone	amod
5	bone	bone	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 has	obj
6	from	from	ADP	_	7 shoulder	case
7	shoulder	shoulder	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 bone	nmod
8	to	to	ADP	_	9 fingertips	case
9	fingertips	fingertip	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 bone	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	present	It	one long bone		shoulder		to fingertips	vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bone=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/358-bones-by-name-shoulders-arms-and-hands/t4/