Exam question 3 · Bones by name: hips, legs and feet, and the extra bones of…

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the diminution in the number of bones between infancy and adulthood?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · What happens: follow, characteris · To what, where: diminution, number

This is exam question 3 of lesson 359 «Bones by name: hips, legs and feet, and the extra bones of a baby» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 diminution	det
10	diminution	diminution	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	in	in	ADP	_	13 number	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 number	det
13	number	number	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obl
14	of	of	ADP	_	15 bones	case
15	bones	bone	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 number	nmod
16	between	between	ADP	_	17 infancy	case
17	infancy	infancy	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 bones	nmod
18	and	and	CCONJ	_	19 adulthood	cc
19	adulthood	adulthood	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 infancy	conj
20	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the diminution		the number of bones between infancy and adulthood		of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Numerous bones present at birth fuse together in the course of growth

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Numerous	numerous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 bones	amod
2	bones	bone	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 present	nsubj
3	present	present	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	at	at	SCONJ	_	6 fuse	mark
5	birth	birth	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 fuse	nsubj
6	fuse	fuse	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 present	advcl
7	together	together	ADV	_	6 fuse	advmod
8	in	in	ADP	_	10 course	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 course	det
10	course	course	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 fuse	obl
11	of	of	ADP	_	12 growth	case
12	growth	growth	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 course	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	present	present	Numerous bones						vn fulfilling-13.4.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
2	fuse	present	birth			the course of growth		together property	vn mix-22.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient

Option 2

Bones are lost in consequence of the loss of the deciduous teeth

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Bones	bone	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 lost	nsubj:pass
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 lost	aux:pass
3	lost	lose	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	in	in	ADP	_	5 consequence	case
5	consequence	consequence	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 lost	obl
6	of	of	ADP	_	8 loss	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 loss	det
8	loss	loss	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 consequence	nmod
9	of	of	ADP	_	12 teeth	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 teeth	det
11	deciduous	deciduous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 teeth	amod
12	teeth	tooth	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 loss	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	lose	present · passive		Bones		consequence of the loss of the deciduous teeth			vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality

Option 3

Bones are shed from the body in the course of growth

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Bones	bone	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 shed	nsubj:pass
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 shed	aux:pass
3	shed	shed	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	from	from	ADP	_	6 body	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 body	det
6	body	body	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 shed	obl
7	in	in	ADP	_	9 course	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 course	det
9	course	course	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 shed	obl
10	of	of	ADP	_	11 growth	case
11	growth	growth	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 course	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	shed	present · passive		Bones		the body		in the course of growth	vn substance_emission-43.4-1 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Source

Option 4

Bones are absorbed into the muscles

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Bones	bone	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 absorbed	nsubj:pass
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 absorbed	aux:pass
3	absorbed	absorb	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	into	into	ADP	_	6 muscles	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 muscles	det
6	muscles	muscle	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 absorbed	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	absorb	present · passive		Bones		the muscles			vn absorb-39.8 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/359-bones-by-name-hips-legs-and-feet-and-the-extra-bones-of-a-baby/e3/