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Test 7 · ★★ · Bones by name: hips, legs and feet, and the extra bones of…

An X-ray of a 12-year-old shows dark lines near the ends of the leg bones. What are they?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: X ray, lines · What happens: show, ray, be · To what, where: dark lines, ends, 12-year-old

This is test 7 · ★★ of lesson 359 «Bones by name: hips, legs and feet, and the extra bones of a baby» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: An X-ray of a 12-year-old shows dark lines near the ends of the leg bones.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	An	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 ray	det
2	X	x	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 ray	compound
3	-	-	PUNCT	_	2 X	punct
4	ray	ray	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 shows	nsubj
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 12-year-old	case
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 12-year-old	det
7	12-year-old	12-year-old	NOUN	Number=Sing NumForm=Combi NumType=Ord	4 ray	nmod
8	shows	show	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	dark	dark	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 lines	amod
10	lines	line	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 shows	obj
11	near	near	ADP	_	13 ends	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 ends	det
13	ends	end	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 lines	nmod
14	of	of	ADP	_	17 bones	case
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 bones	det
16	leg	leg	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 bones	compound
17	bones	bone	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 ends	nmod
18	.	.	PUNCT	_	8 shows	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	show	present	a X ray of a 12-year-old	dark lines			near the ends of the leg bones		vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent line=Recipient
2	ray			a 12-year-old					nom ray «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What are they?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	root	root
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 What	cop
3	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	1 What	nsubj
4	?	?	PUNCT	_	1 What	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	lines = line						tree rules

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Shadows from the X-ray machine

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Shadows	shadow	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
2	from	from	ADP	_	7 machine	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 machine	det
4	X	x	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 ray	compound
5	-	-	PUNCT	_	4 X	punct
6	ray	ray	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 machine	compound
7	machine	machine	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Shadows	nmod

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 2

Gaps where bones are missing

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Gaps	gap	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 missing	nsubj
2	where	where	ADV	PronType=Rel	3 bones	advmod
3	bones	bone	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Gaps	conj
4	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 missing	cop
5	missing	missing	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Gaps and bones					missing property	tree rules

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

Growth plates where the bones are still growing longer

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Growth	growth	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 plates	compound
2	plates	plate	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 growing	nsubj
3	where	where	ADV	PronType=Rel	8 growing	advmod
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 bones	det
5	bones	bone	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 growing	nsubj
6	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 growing	aux
7	still	still	ADV	_	8 growing	advmod
8	growing	grow	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
9	longer	long	ADV	Degree=Cmp	8 growing	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	grow	present · progressive	Growth plates				still	long property	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 4

Cracks from a fall

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Cracks	crack	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
2	from	from	ADP	_	4 fall	case
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 fall	det
4	fall	fall	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Cracks	nmod

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/359-bones-by-name-hips-legs-and-feet-and-the-extra-bones-of-a-baby/t7/