Test 6 · Insects: six legs, three parts; ants, bees and wasps

Why do insects stay so small today?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: insects · What happens: stay

This is test 6 of lesson 36 «Insects: six legs, three parts; ants, bees and wasps» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	4 stay	advmod
2	do	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 stay	aux
3	insects	insect	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 stay	nsubj
4	stay	stay	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	so	so	ADV	_	6 small	advmod
6	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 stay	xcomp
7	today	today	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 stay	obl:unmarked
8	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 stay	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	stay	present · do-support	insects				today	small property	vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Air moving through tubes only works over short distances

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 works	nsubj
2	moving	move	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	1 Air	acl
3	through	through	ADP	_	4 tubes	case
4	tubes	tube	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 moving	obl
5	only	only	ADV	_	6 works	advmod
6	works	work	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	over	over	ADV	_	8 short	advmod
8	short	short	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 distances	amod
9	distances	distance	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 works	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	move	gerund	Air not said here			tubes			vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme through tube=Trajectory
2	work over	present	Air	short distances					vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 2

They stop growing on purpose, so that birds will not see them in the grass

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 stop	nsubj
2	stop	stop	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	growing	grow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	2 stop	xcomp
4	on	on	ADP	_	5 purpose	case
5	purpose	purpose	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 growing	obl
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 see	punct
7	so	so	SCONJ	ExtPos=SCONJ	12 see	mark
8	that	that	SCONJ	_	7 so	fixed
9	birds	bird	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 see	nsubj
10	will	will	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	12 see	aux
11	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	12 see	advmod
12	see	see	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 stop	advcl
13	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 see	obj
14	in	in	ADP	_	16 grass	case
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 grass	det
16	grass	grass	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 see	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	stop	present	They			vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality
2	grow	gerund	They not said here		purpose	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on purpose=Location
3	not see	future	birds	them = they	the grass	vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer they=Stimulus

Option 3

Birds keep them small

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Birds	bird	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 keep	nsubj
2	keep	keep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 keep	obj
4	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 keep	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	keep	present	Birds	them = they				small property	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme

Option 4

They do not eat enough

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 eat	nsubj
2	do	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 eat	aux
3	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	4 eat	advmod
4	eat	eat	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	enough	enough	ADV	_	4 eat	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not eat	present · do-support	They					enough property	vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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