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Exam question 4 · Growing up: growth spurts, height, voices and getting stro…

It is given that a child measured at bedtime is found to be shorter than when measured upon waking. Ascertain the reason.

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 1 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: child, you · What happens: give, measure, find, be, wake, ascertain · To what, where: It, child, bedtime, reason

This is exam question 4 of lesson 361 «Growing up: growth spurts, height, voices and getting stronger» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: It is given that a child measured at bedtime is found to be shorter than when measured upon waking.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 given	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 given	aux:pass
3	given	give	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	that	that	SCONJ	_	11 found	mark
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 child	det
6	child	child	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 found	nsubj:pass
7	measured	measure	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 child	acl
8	at	at	ADP	_	9 bedtime	case
9	bedtime	bedtime	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 measured	obl
10	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 found	aux:pass
11	found	find	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 given	advcl
12	to	to	PART	_	14 shorter	mark
13	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	14 shorter	cop
14	shorter	short	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	11 found	xcomp
15	than	than	SCONJ	_	17 measured	mark
16	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	17 measured	advmod
17	measured	measure	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	14 shorter	acl
18	upon	upon	SCONJ	_	19 waking	mark
19	waking	wake	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	17 measured	advcl
20	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 given	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	give	present · passive		It					vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
2	measure	participle		a child not said here		bedtime			vn register-54.1-2-1 «NP V NP PP.value»: agent=Agent at bedtime=Value
3	find	present · passive		a child					vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic
4	is	to-infinitive	a child not said here					short property	tree rules
5	measure	participle							vn register-54.1-2-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme
6	wake	gerund							vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Ascertain the reason.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ascertain	ascertain	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 reason	det
3	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Ascertain	obj
4	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Ascertain	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	ascertain	imperative	you not said here	the reason					vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent reason=Topic

The options

Option 1 · ✓ the right answer

The intervertebral discs are compressed in the course of the day

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 discs	det
2	intervertebral	intervertebral	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 discs	amod
3	discs	disc	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 compressed	nsubj:pass
4	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 compressed	aux:pass
5	compressed	compress	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	in	in	ADP	_	8 course	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 course	det
8	course	course	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 compressed	obl
9	of	of	ADP	_	11 day	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 day	det
11	day	day	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 course	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	compress	present · passive		the intervertebral discs		the course of the day			vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice

The child grows one centimetre each night permanently

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 child	det
2	child	child	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 grows	nsubj
3	grows	grow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	5 centimetre	nummod
5	centimetre	centimetre	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 grows	obj
6	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	7 night	det
7	night	night	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 grows	obl:unmarked
8	permanently	permanently	ADV	_	3 grows	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	grow	present	the child	one centimetre			night	permanently property	vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location centimetre=Theme

Option 3

The bones are shortened by the evening meal

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 bones	det
2	bones	bone	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 shortened	nsubj:pass
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 shortened	aux:pass
4	shortened	shorten	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	by	by	ADP	_	8 meal	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 meal	det
7	evening	evening	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 meal	compound
8	meal	meal	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 shortened	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	shorten	present · passive	the evening meal	the bones					vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent subject=Patient

Option 4

The measuring instrument expands overnight

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 instrument	det
2	measuring	measuring	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 instrument	compound
3	instrument	instrument	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 expands	nsubj
4	expands	expand	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	overnight	overnight	ADV	_	4 expands	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	expand	present	the measuring instrument					overnight property	vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/361-growing-up-growth-spurts-height-voices-and-getting-stronger/e4/