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Test 7 · ★ · Growing up: growth spurts, height, voices and getting stro…

In a cartoon, Tom stretches Jerry's arm until it is twice as long as he is tall, and it snaps back like elastic. What is true for a real body?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Tom, arm · What happens: stretch, be, snap back · To what, where: arm

This is test 7 · ★ of lesson 361 «Growing up: growth spurts, height, voices and getting stronger» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: In a cartoon, Tom stretches Jerry's arm until it is twice as long as he is tall, and it snaps back like elastic.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	3 cartoon	case
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 cartoon	det
3	cartoon	cartoon	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 stretches	obl
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 cartoon	punct
5	Tom	Tom	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 stretches	nsubj
6	stretches	stretch	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	Jerry	Jerry	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 arm	nmod:poss
8	's	's	PART	_	7 Jerry	case
9	arm	arm	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 stretches	obj
10	until	until	SCONJ	_	15 long	mark
11	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	15 long	nsubj
12	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	15 long	cop
13	twice	twice	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Mult	15 long	advmod
14	as	as	ADV	_	15 long	advmod
15	long	long	ADV	Degree=Pos	6 stretches	obl
16	as	as	SCONJ	_	19 tall	mark
17	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	19 tall	nsubj
18	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	19 tall	cop
19	tall	tall	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 long	advcl
20	,	,	PUNCT	_	23 snaps	punct
21	and	and	CCONJ	_	23 snaps	cc
22	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	23 snaps	nsubj
23	snaps	snap	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 stretches	conj
24	back	back	ADV	_	23 snaps	advmod
25	like	like	ADP	_	26 elastic	case
26	elastic	elastic	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 snaps	obl
27	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 stretches	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	stretch	present	Tom	Jerry's arm				in a cartoon	vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient PP.theme»: agent=Agent arm=Patient in cartoon=Topic
2	is	present	arm					long, twice property	tree rules
3	is	present	Tom					tall property	tree rules
4	snap back	present	arm					like elastic	vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What is true for a real body?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 true	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 true	cop
3	true	true	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	for	for	ADP	_	7 body	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 body	det
6	real	real	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 body	amod
7	body	body	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 true	obl
8	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 true	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						for a real body; true property	tree rules

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Arms really can stretch twice as long if pulled

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Arms	arm	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 stretch	nsubj
2	really	really	ADV	_	4 stretch	advmod
3	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 stretch	aux
4	stretch	stretch	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	twice	twice	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Mult	4 stretch	advmod
6	as	as	ADV	_	7 long	advmod
7	long	long	ADV	Degree=Pos	4 stretch	advmod
8	if	if	SCONJ	_	9 pulled	mark
9	pulled	pull	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 stretch	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	stretch	can	Arms					long, twice property	vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
2	pull a condition, not said to happen	participle	Arms not said here						vn slide-11.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 2

Pulling arms every day makes them grow fast

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Pulling	pull	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 makes	csubj
2	arms	arm	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Pulling	obj
3	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	4 day	det
4	day	day	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Pulling	obl:unmarked
5	makes	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 makes	obj
7	grow	grow	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 makes	xcomp
8	fast	fast	ADV	Degree=Pos	7 grow	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	pull	gerund		arms			day		vn push-12-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent arm=Theme
2	make	present	Pulling	arms = arm					tree rules
3	grow	infinitive	arms = arm not said here					fast property	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 3

Arms snap back because they are made of rubber

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Arms	arm	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 snap	nsubj
2	snap	snap	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	back	back	ADV	_	2 snap	advmod
4	because	because	SCONJ	_	7 made	mark
5	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 made	nsubj
6	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 made	aux:pass
7	made	make	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 snap	advcl
8	of	of	ADP	_	9 rubber	case
9	rubber	rubber	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 made	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	snap back	present	Arms						vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	make	present · passive		Arms = arm				of rubber	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

Arms grow slowly at growth plates, and the arm span stays about the same as the height

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Arms	arm	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 grow	nsubj
2	grow	grow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	slowly	slowly	ADV	_	2 grow	advmod
4	at	at	ADP	_	6 plates	case
5	growth	growth	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 plates	compound
6	plates	plate	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 grow	obl
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 stays	punct
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 stays	cc
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 span	det
10	arm	arm	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 span	compound
11	span	span	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 stays	nsubj
12	stays	stay	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 grow	conj
13	about	about	ADP	_	15 same	case
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 same	det
15	same	same	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 stays	obl
16	as	as	ADP	_	18 height	case
17	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	18 height	det
18	height	height	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 stays	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	grow	present	Arms			growth plates		slowly property	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at plate=Location
2	stay	present	the arm span					about the same; as the height	vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme about same=Location

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/361-growing-up-growth-spurts-height-voices-and-getting-stronger/t7/