Exam question 1 · Eyes and ears deeper: glasses, colour blindness, tears, ea…

Identify the principal cause of the condition known as short sight.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you · What happens: identify, know, cause · To what, where: principal cause, condition

This is exam question 1 of lesson 362 «Eyes and ears deeper: glasses, colour blindness, tears, earwax and dizziness» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 cause	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 cause	amod
4	cause	cause	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 condition	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 condition	det
7	condition	condition	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 cause	nmod
8	known	know	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 condition	acl
9	as	as	ADP	_	11 sight	case
10	short	short	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 sight	amod
11	sight	sight	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 known	obl
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the principal cause of the condition		vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent cause=Theme
2	know	participle		the condition not said here	as short sight	vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer as sight=Attribute
3	cause			the condition		nom cause «event transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

The tear ducts are obstructed

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 ducts	det
2	tear	tear	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 ducts	compound
3	ducts	duct	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 obstructed	nsubj:pass
4	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 obstructed	aux:pass
5	obstructed	obstruct	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	obstruct	present · passive		the tear ducts					vn discourage-64.5-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality

Option 2

The lens of the eye is excessively stiff

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 lens	det
2	lens	lens	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 stiff	nsubj
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 eye	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 eye	det
5	eye	eye	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 lens	nmod
6	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 stiff	cop
7	excessively	excessively	ADV	_	8 stiff	advmod
8	stiff	stiff	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	the lens of the eye					excessively, stiff property	tree rules

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

The eyeball is of excessive length, so distant images are focused in front of the retina

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 eyeball	det
2	eyeball	eyeball	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 length	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 length	cop
4	of	of	ADP	_	6 length	case
5	excessive	excessive	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 length	amod
6	length	length	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 focused	punct
8	so	so	ADV	_	12 focused	advmod
9	distant	distant	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 images	amod
10	images	image	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 focused	nsubj:pass
11	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 focused	aux:pass
12	focused	focus	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 length	parataxis
13	in	in	ADP	_	14 front	case
14	front	front	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 focused	obl
15	of	of	ADP	_	17 retina	case
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 retina	det
17	retina	retina	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 front	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	the eyeball					of excessive length	tree rules
2	focus	present · passive		distant images		front of the retina			tree rules

Option 4

The colour-sensitive cells are absent

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 cells	det
2	colour	colour	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 sensitive	compound
3	-	-	PUNCT	_	2 colour	punct
4	sensitive	sensitive	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 cells	amod
5	cells	cell	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 absent	nsubj
6	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 absent	cop
7	absent	absent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	the sensitive cells					absent property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/362-eyes-and-ears-deeper-glasses-colour-blindness-tears-earwax-and-dizziness/e1/