Exam question 4 · Sleep and dreams in people

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the effect of bright screens upon sleep?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · What happens: follow, characteris, effect · To what, where: effect, bright screens

This is exam question 4 of lesson 363 «Sleep and dreams in people» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 effect	det
10	effect	effect	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	of	of	ADP	_	13 screens	case
12	bright	bright	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 screens	amod
13	screens	screen	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 effect	nmod
14	upon	upon	ADP	_	15 sleep	case
15	sleep	sleep	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 screens	nmod
16	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund			vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present	the effect of bright screens upon sleep	of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules
3	effect		bright screens upon sleep		nom effect «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

They maintain alertness and may delay the secretion of melatonin

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 maintain	nsubj
2	maintain	maintain	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	alertness	alertness	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 maintain	obj
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	6 delay	cc
5	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	6 delay	aux
6	delay	delay	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 maintain	conj
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 secretion	det
8	secretion	secretion	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 delay	obj
9	of	of	ADP	_	10 melatonin	case
10	melatonin	melatonin	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 secretion	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	maintain	present	They	alertness	vn declare-29.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Agent alertness=Theme
2	delay	may	They not said here	the secretion of melatonin	vn delay-53.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent secretion=Source
3	secrete			melatonin	nom secretion «process transitive»: of=patient

Option 2

They exert no influence whatsoever

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 exert	nsubj
2	exert	exert	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	4 influence	det
4	influence	influence	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 exert	obj
5	whatsoever	whatsoever	ADV	_	2 exert	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	exert	present	They	no influence				whatsoever property	vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent influence=Theme

Option 3

They increase the duration of deep sleep

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 increase	nsubj
2	increase	increase	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 duration	det
4	duration	duration	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 increase	obj
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 sleep	case
6	deep	deep	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 sleep	amod
7	sleep	sleep	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 duration	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	increase	present	They	the duration of deep sleep					vn caused_calibratable_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Causer duration=Patient

Option 4

They hasten the onset of sleep in all children

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 hasten	nsubj
2	hasten	hasten	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 onset	det
4	onset	onset	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 hasten	obj
5	of	of	ADP	_	6 sleep	case
6	sleep	sleep	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 onset	nmod
7	in	in	ADP	_	9 children	case
8	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	9 children	det
9	children	child	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 hasten	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hasten	present	They	the onset of sleep				in all children	vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent onset=Theme in child=Trajectory

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/363-sleep-and-dreams-in-people/e4/