Exam question 2 · The body's rough side: burps, farts, snot, sneezes, hiccup…

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the green colouration of nasal mucus?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris · To what, where: green colouration

This is exam question 2 of lesson 364 «The body's rough side: burps, farts, snot, sneezes, hiccups and poo» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 colouration	det
10	green	green	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 colouration	amod
11	colouration	colouration	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
12	of	of	ADP	_	14 mucus	case
13	nasal	nasal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 mucus	amod
14	mucus	mucus	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 colouration	nmod
15	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the green colouration of nasal mucus				of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

It invariably indicates a bacterial infection

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 indicates	nsubj
2	invariably	invariably	ADV	_	3 indicates	advmod
3	indicates	indicate	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 infection	det
5	bacterial	bacterial	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 infection	amod
6	infection	infection	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 indicates	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	indicate	present	It	a bacterial infection				invariably property	vn indicate-78-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot infection=Topic

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

It derives from a substance within white blood cells and does not invariably indicate bacteria

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 derives	nsubj
2	derives	derive	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	from	from	ADP	_	5 substance	case
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 substance	det
5	substance	substance	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 derives	obl
6	within	within	ADP	_	9 cells	case
7	white	white	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 cells	amod
8	blood	blood	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 cells	compound
9	cells	cell	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 substance	nmod
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 indicate	cc
11	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	14 indicate	aux
12	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	14 indicate	advmod
13	invariably	invariably	ADV	_	14 indicate	advmod
14	indicate	indicate	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 derives	conj
15	bacteria	bacterium	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 indicate	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	derive	present	It			a substance within white blood cells			vn create-26.4 «NP V NP PP.material»: agent=Agent from substance=Material
2	not indicate	present · do-support		bacteria				invariably property	vn indicate-78-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot bacterium=Topic

Option 3

It indicates that the mucus has been retained for one week

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 indicates	nsubj
2	indicates	indicate	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	that	that	SCONJ	_	8 retained	mark
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 mucus	det
5	mucus	mucus	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 retained	nsubj:pass
6	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 retained	aux
7	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	8 retained	aux:pass
8	retained	retain	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 indicates	ccomp
9	for	for	ADP	_	11 week	case
10	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	11 week	nummod
11	week	week	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 retained	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	indicate	present	It						vn indicate-78-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Pivot clause=Topic
2	retain	present · perfect · passive		the mucus			week		tree rules

Option 4

It derives from the consumption of green vegetables

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 derives	nsubj
2	derives	derive	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	from	from	ADP	_	5 consumption	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 consumption	det
5	consumption	consumption	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 derives	obl
6	of	of	ADP	_	8 vegetables	case
7	green	green	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 vegetables	amod
8	vegetables	vegetable	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 consumption	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	derive	present	It			the consumption of green vegetables			vn create-26.4 «NP V NP PP.material»: agent=Agent from consumption=Material
2	consume			green vegetables					nom consumption «act transitive»: of=patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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