Exam question 3 · Odd-looking animals: shoebills, star-nosed moles, saigas,…

Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning the defence of the hagfish.

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, established facts · What happens: select, establish, concern, defend · To what, where: response, defence, hagfish

This is exam question 3 of lesson 366 «Odd-looking animals: shoebills, star-nosed moles, saigas, pangolins and hagfish» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Select	xcomp
5	with	with	ADP	_	8 facts	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 facts	det
7	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 facts	amod
8	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 consistent	obl
9	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 facts	acl
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 defence	det
11	defence	defence	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 concerning	obj
12	of	of	ADP	_	14 hagfish	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 hagfish	det
14	hagfish	hagfish	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 defence	nmod
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response	consistent property	vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	establish	participle				vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
3	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here	the defence of the hagfish		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus defence=Experiencer
4	defend			the hagfish		nom defence «process transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

It assumes the colour of its surroundings

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 assumes	nsubj
2	assumes	assume	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 colour	det
4	colour	colour	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 assumes	obj
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 surroundings	case
6	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	7 surroundings	nmod:poss
7	surroundings	surroundings	NOUN	Number=Ptan	4 colour	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	assume	present	It	the colour of colour's surroundings					vn adopt-93.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent colour=Theme

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

It releases slime which obstructs the gills of an attacker

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 releases	nsubj
2	releases	release	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	slime	slime	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 releases	obj
4	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	5 obstructs	nsubj
5	obstructs	obstruct	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 slime	acl:relcl
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 gills	det
7	gills	gill	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 obstructs	obj
8	of	of	ADP	_	10 attacker	case
9	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 attacker	det
10	attacker	attacker	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 gills	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	release	present	It	slime					vn free-10.6.3-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Causer slime=Source
2	obstruct	present	slime	the gills of a attacker					vn discourage-64.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer gill=Eventuality

Option 3

It inflicts wounds upon attackers with its poisonous spines

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 inflicts	nsubj
2	inflicts	inflict	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	wounds	wound	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 inflicts	obj
4	upon	upon	ADP	_	5 attackers	case
5	attackers	attacker	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 inflicts	obl
6	with	with	ADP	_	9 spines	case
7	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	9 spines	nmod:poss
8	poisonous	poisonous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 spines	amod
9	spines	spine	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 inflicts	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	inflict	present	It	wounds				upon attackers; with its poisonous spines	tree rules

Option 4

It emits a loud sound which deafens approaching predators

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 emits	nsubj
2	emits	emit	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 sound	det
4	loud	loud	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 sound	amod
5	sound	sound	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 emits	obj
6	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	7 deafens	nsubj
7	deafens	deafen	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 sound	acl:relcl
8	approaching	approach	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	7 deafens	xcomp
9	predators	predator	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 approaching	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	emit	present	It	a loud sound	vn substance_emission-43.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Source sound=Theme
2	deafen	present	a loud sound		tree rules
3	approach	gerund	a loud sound not said here	predators	vn confront-98 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent predator=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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