Test 2 · Odd-looking animals: shoebills, star-nosed moles, saigas,…

Why does a hunter that waits, like the shoebill, need patience more than speed?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 1 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: hunter · What happens: do, wait, need · To what, where: hunter, patience

This is test 2 of lesson 366 «Odd-looking animals: shoebills, star-nosed moles, saigas, pangolins and hagfish» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	2 does	advmod
2	does	do	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 need	advcl
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 hunter	det
4	hunter	hunter	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 does	obj
5	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	6 waits	nsubj
6	waits	wait	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 hunter	acl:relcl
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 shoebill	punct
8	like	like	ADP	_	10 shoebill	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 shoebill	det
10	shoebill	shoebill	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 waits	obl
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 need	punct
12	need	need	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
13	patience	patience	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 need	obj
14	more	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	12 need	obj
15	than	than	ADP	_	16 speed	case
16	speed	speed	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 more	obl
17	?	?	PUNCT	_	12 need	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	do	present		a hunter		vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hunter=Eventuality
2	wait	present	a hunter		like the shoebill	vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	need	present		patience		tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ✓ the right answer

It must stay still until a fish comes close, then lunge once

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 stay	nsubj
2	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 stay	aux
3	stay	stay	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	still	still	ADV	_	3 stay	advmod
5	until	until	SCONJ	_	8 comes	mark
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 fish	det
7	fish	fish	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 comes	nsubj
8	comes	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 stay	advcl
9	close	close	ADV	Degree=Pos	8 comes	advmod
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 lunge	punct
11	then	then	ADV	PronType=Dem	12 lunge	advmod
12	lunge	lunge	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 stay	conj
13	once	once	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Mult	12 lunge	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	when	other	roles by
1	stay	must	It	still		vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	come	present	a fish		close property	vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	lunge	infinitive		then	once property	tree rules

Option 2

Waiting a long time in the sun makes its huge beak sharper

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Waiting	wait	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 makes	csubj
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 time	det
3	long	long	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 time	amod
4	time	time	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Waiting	obj
5	in	in	ADP	_	7 sun	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 sun	det
7	sun	sun	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Waiting	obl
8	makes	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	11 beak	nmod:poss
10	huge	huge	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 beak	amod
11	beak	beak	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 makes	obj
12	sharper	sharp	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	8 makes	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	wait	gerund				the sun	time		vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in sun=Location
2	make	present	Waiting	sun's huge beak				sharp property	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset beak=Product

Option 3

Fish swim straight up to it and want to be eaten

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Fish	fish	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 swim	nsubj
2	swim	swim	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	straight	straight	ADV	_	4 up	advmod
4	up	up	ADV	_	2 swim	advmod
5	to	to	ADP	_	6 it	case
6	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 swim	obl
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 want	cc
8	want	want	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 swim	conj
9	to	to	PART	_	11 eaten	mark
10	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	11 eaten	aux:pass
11	eaten	eat	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 want	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	where	roles by
1	swim	present	Fish	it	vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme to it=Destination
2	want	present	Fish not said here		vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme
3	eat not said to happen	to-infinitive · passive	Fish not said here		vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice

It is too slow to catch anything that swims away from it

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 slow	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 slow	cop
3	too	too	ADV	_	4 slow	advmod
4	slow	slow	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	to	to	PART	_	6 catch	mark
6	catch	catch	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 slow	xcomp
7	anything	anything	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	6 catch	obj
8	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	9 swims	nsubj
9	swims	swim	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 anything	acl:relcl
10	away	away	ADV	_	9 swims	advmod
11	from	from	ADP	_	12 it	case
12	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 swims	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	is	present	It			slow property	tree rules
2	catch	to-infinitive		anything			vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent anything=Theme
3	swim away	present			it	away property	vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme from it=Trajectory

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/366-odd-looking-animals-shoebills-star-nosed-moles-saigas-pangolins-and-hagfish/t2/