Test 4 · ★ · City birds: sparrows, starlings, swifts, crows and peregri…

If each starling copies only about 7 neighbours, how does the whole cloud turn together?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 4 · right ✓ · Who acts: starling, whole cloud · What happens: copy, turn together · To what, where: 7 neighbours

This is test 4 · ★ of lesson 369 «City birds: sparrows, starlings, swifts, crows and peregrines on tall buildings» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	If	if	SCONJ	_	4 copies	mark
2	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	3 starling	det
3	starling	starling	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 copies	nsubj
4	copies	copy	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	15 turn	advcl
5	only	only	ADV	_	7 7	advmod
6	about	about	ADV	_	7 7	advmod
7	7	7	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	8 neighbours	nummod
8	neighbours	neighbour	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 copies	obj
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 turn	punct
10	how	how	ADV	PronType=Int	15 turn	advmod
11	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	15 turn	aux
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 cloud	det
13	whole	whole	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 cloud	amod
14	cloud	cloud	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 turn	nsubj
15	turn	turn	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
16	together	together	ADV	_	15 turn	advmod
17	?	?	PUNCT	_	15 turn	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	copy a condition, not said to happen	present	each starling	7 neighbours					vn scribble-25.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent neighbour=Theme
2	turn together	present · do-support	the whole cloud					together property	vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

A leader bird shouts orders

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 bird	det
2	leader	leader	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 bird	compound
3	bird	bird	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 shouts	nsubj
4	shouts	shout	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	orders	order	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 shouts	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	shout speech: express	present	a leader bird	orders					vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent order=Topic

Option 2

They all follow the wind

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 follow	nsubj
2	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	3 follow	advmod
3	follow	follow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 wind	det
5	wind	wind	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 follow	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	present	They	the wind					vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wind=Theme

Option 3

They agree on a plan before take-off, and each bird remembers its own part

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 agree	nsubj
2	agree	agree	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	on	on	ADP	_	5 plan	case
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 plan	det
5	plan	plan	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 agree	obl
6	before	before	ADP	_	9 off	case
7	take	take	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 off	compound
8	-	-	PUNCT	_	7 take	punct
9	off	off	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 plan	nmod
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 remembers	punct
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 remembers	cc
12	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	13 bird	det
13	bird	bird	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 remembers	nsubj
14	remembers	remember	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 agree	parataxis
15	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	17 part	nmod:poss
16	own	own	ADJ	Degree=Pos	17 part	amod
17	part	part	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 remembers	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	agree speech: agree	present	They					on a plan before take off	vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V PP.theme S»: agent=Agent on plan=Topic
2	remember	present	each bird	bird's own part					vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent part=Theme

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

A turn passes from neighbour to neighbour so fast the flock moves as one

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 turn	det
2	turn	turn	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 passes	nsubj
3	passes	pass	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	from	from	ADP	_	5 neighbour	case
5	neighbour	neighbour	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 passes	obl
6	to	to	ADP	_	7 neighbour	case
7	neighbour	neighbour	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 passes	obl
8	so	so	ADV	_	9 fast	advmod
9	fast	fast	ADV	Degree=Pos	12 moves	advmod
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 flock	det
11	flock	flock	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 moves	nsubj
12	moves	move	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 passes	advcl
13	as	as	ADP	_	14 one	case
14	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	12 moves	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	pass	present	a turn			neighbour		to neighbour	vn escape-51.1-1-3 «NP V PP.initial_location PP.destination»: agent=Theme from neighbour=Initial_Location to neighbour=Destination
2	move	present	the flock					as one; fast property	vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/369-city-birds-sparrows-starlings-swifts-crows-and-peregrines-on-tall-buildings/t4/