Exam question 4 · Insects: butterflies, beetles, flies, mosquitoes, grasshop…
It is given that a ladybird prepares for flight. Identify the structures it raises.
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: ladybird, you · What happens: give, prepare, identify, raise · To what, where: It, structures
This is exam question 4 of lesson 37 «Insects: butterflies, beetles, flies, mosquitoes, grasshoppers» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: It is given that a ladybird prepares for flight.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 given | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 given | aux:pass |
| 3 | given | give | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 4 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 7 prepares | mark |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 ladybird | det |
| 6 | ladybird | ladybird | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 prepares | nsubj |
| 7 | prepares | prepare | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 given | advcl |
| 8 | for | for | ADP | _ | 9 flight | case |
| 9 | flight | flight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 prepares | obl |
| 10 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 given | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | give | present · passive | It | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | |||||
| 2 | prepare | present | a ladybird | for flight | vn preparing-26.3-1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent for flight=Beneficiary |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: Identify the structures it raises.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Identify | identify | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 structures | det |
| 3 | structures | structure | NOUN | Number=Plur | 1 Identify | obj |
| 4 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 raises | nsubj |
| 5 | raises | raise | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 structures | acl:relcl |
| 6 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 Identify | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | identify | imperative | you not said here | the structures | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent structure=Theme | ||||
| 2 | raise | present | ladybird | the structures not said here | vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent structure=Theme |
The options
Option 1 · ← Mova's choice
The abdomen
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 abdomen | det |
| 2 | abdomen | abdomen | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Option 2 · ✓ the right answer
The hardened forewings, or elytra
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 forewings | det |
| 2 | hardened | harden | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 forewings | amod |
| 3 | forewings | forewing | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 elytra | punct |
| 5 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 6 elytra | cc |
| 6 | elytra | elytra | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 forewings | conj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | harden | participle | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
Option 3
The hind legs and the feet
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 legs | det |
| 2 | hind | hind | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 legs | amod |
| 3 | legs | leg | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 4 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 6 feet | cc |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 feet | det |
| 6 | feet | foot | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 legs | conj |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Option 4
The antennae
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 antennae | det |
| 2 | antennae | antennae | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/37-butterflies-beetles-flies-mosquitoes-grasshoppers/e4/