Exam question 3 · Street dogs and cats: feeding, safety and never touching a…

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises a clipped ear observed upon a street cat?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · What happens: follow, characteris, clip, observe · To what, where: clipped ear

This is exam question 3 of lesson 371 «Street dogs and cats: feeding, safety and never touching a strange animal» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 ear	det
10	clipped	clip	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	11 ear	amod
11	ear	ear	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
12	observed	observe	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	11 ear	acl
13	upon	upon	ADP	_	16 cat	case
14	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	16 cat	det
15	street	street	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 cat	compound
16	cat	cat	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 observed	obl
17	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund			vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present	a clipped ear	of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules
3	clip	participle			vn cut-21.1-1 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient
4	observe	participle	a clipped ear not said here	upon a street cat	vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

It indicates that the animal has been neutered, vaccinated and returned

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 indicates	nsubj
2	indicates	indicate	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	that	that	SCONJ	_	8 neutered	mark
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 animal	det
5	animal	animal	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 neutered	nsubj:pass
6	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 neutered	aux
7	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	8 neutered	aux:pass
8	neutered	neuter	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 indicates	ccomp
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 vaccinated	punct
10	vaccinated	vaccinate	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 neutered	conj
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 returned	cc
12	returned	return	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 neutered	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	indicate	present	It		vn indicate-78-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Pivot clause=Topic
2	neuter	present · perfect · passive		the animal	tree rules
3	vaccinate	participle			tree rules
4	return	participle			vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 2

It is characteristic of a particular breed

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 characteristic	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 characteristic	cop
3	characteristic	characteristic	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	of	of	ADP	_	7 breed	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 breed	det
6	particular	particular	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 breed	amod
7	breed	breed	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 characteristic	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	It	characteristic				of a particular breed	tree rules

Option 3

It indicates injury sustained in combat with a dog or another cat

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 indicates	nsubj
2	indicates	indicate	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	injury	injury	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 indicates	obj
4	sustained	sustain	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 injury	acl
5	in	in	ADP	_	6 combat	case
6	combat	combat	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 sustained	obl
7	with	with	ADP	_	9 dog	case
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 dog	det
9	dog	dog	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 sustained	obl:agent
10	or	or	CCONJ	_	12 cat	cc
11	another	another	DET	PronType=Ind	12 cat	det
12	cat	cat	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 dog	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	indicate	present	It	injury					vn indicate-78-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot injury=Topic
2	sustain	participle		injury not said here		combat			vn sustain-55.6 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent

Option 4

It denotes ownership by a particular household

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 denotes	nsubj
2	denotes	denote	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	ownership	ownership	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 denotes	obj
4	by	by	ADP	_	7 household	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 household	det
6	particular	particular	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 household	amod
7	household	household	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 denotes	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	denote	present	It	ownership				by a particular household	vn indicate-78 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot ownership=Topic

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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